Can acute nephritis patients eat red dates?

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 19, 2024
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In cases of acute nephritis, it is recommended that patients avoid eating red dates.

During the acute phase of acute nephritis, there is severe inflammatory reaction in the glomeruli of the patient, and the extensive cellular proliferation may affect the filtration barrier of the glomeruli. If the glomeruli cannot filter blood, it leads to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the body, reduced urine output, and also affects the regulation of electrolytes and acid-base balance. Therefore, patients with acute nephritis may experience kidney failure and hyperkalemia, among other issues.

Red dates contain a high amount of potassium ions, making them a high-potassium food, especially dried dates, which are even richer in potassium ions. Therefore, in cases of acute nephritis, especially if the patient has renal failure, it is advised to avoid eating red dates.

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Causes of Anemia in Acute Nephritis

Patients with acute nephritis often do not experience anemia. If a patient with acute nephritis develops anemia, further examination is necessary to determine whether rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is present. The mechanisms of anemia include hemorrhagic anemia, anemia due to the destruction and dissolution of red blood cells, and anemia due to decreased bone marrow hematopoietic capacity. Hemorrhagic anemia is commonly seen in cases of excessive menstrual flow or chronic blood in stools, which can occur in conditions such as liver cirrhosis, gastric ulcer, enteritis, and intestinal cancer. Anemia resulting from the breakdown of red blood cells often occurs in cases of splenomegaly or when the body produces antibodies against red blood cells, leading to autoimmune hemolysis. A decrease in bone marrow hematopoietic capacity is typically seen in related diseases such as leukemia, myeloma, or renal anemia, or when the patient's dietary intake of nutrients is insufficient, leading to reduced bone marrow hematopoietic capacity. Overall, for acute nephritis, if anemia occurs, it is important to identify the cause, which may not be closely related to acute nephritis itself.

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The difference between acute nephritis and acute pyelonephritis.

The full name of acute nephritis is acute glomerulonephritis. This disease mainly occurs in children and is often preceded by an infection, such as an upper respiratory tract infection or a skin infection. Typical clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis include sudden hematuria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and some patients may exhibit transient azotemia. The severity of the condition varies among patients, with severe cases presenting as oliguric acute renal failure. Acute pyelonephritis, on the other hand, is a type of urinary tract infection. Its main clinical symptoms are fever, chills, frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, difficulty urinating, and may also include nausea, vomiting, headache, and general body aches. Its diagnosis is mainly based on the presence of positive urinary leukocytes in the routine urine test, and a clean-catch midstream urine culture greater than 100,000 per milliliter.

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post-acute nephritis sequelae

Acute nephritis is a self-limiting disease, and most patients can fully recover, so the vast majority of patients generally start to show improvement in routine urine tests three to four weeks after onset, with normal kidney function and resolution of edema, resulting in few, if any, sequelae. Of course, a small number of patients may experience prolonged unhealed conditions that can progress to chronic nephritis. These patients may then develop complications, including hypertension and renal anemia, which are long-term potential issues. However, the vast majority of patients with acute nephritis do not experience complications or sequelae.

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Acute nephritis etiology and pathogenesis

The primary cause of acute nephritis is related to antigen-antibody mediated immune damage. This means that when patients with acute nephritis are infected by streptococci, certain components within the streptococci can act as antigens and bind to corresponding antibodies produced in the body, forming immune complexes. These immune complexes circulate through the bloodstream and eventually deposit in the glomeruli. When the complement system is activated, inflammatory cells infiltrate, ultimately leading to the development of acute nephritis. Acute nephritis is a common group of primary glomerular diseases, characterized by a sudden onset, with hematuria, reduced urine output, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension as its most significant features. Once acute nephritis occurs, bed rest is usually required, along with active treatment. After treatment, most patients with acute nephritis can recover fully, with few recurrences.

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How to treat acute nephritis?

Acute nephritis is commonly seen in children and is a frequent type of glomerular disease in this group. Typically, one to three weeks prior to the onset, there often is a history of upper respiratory tract infection or skin infection. Subsequently, within one to three weeks, patients may experience gross hematuria and eyelid edema. In severe cases, elevated blood pressure and renal dysfunction may occur. Currently, there are no especially effective treatments for acute nephritis. However, if diagnosed properly and treated timely, the cure rate for acute nephritis is very high. Specifically, during the acute phase of acute nephritis, patients should rest in bed, follow a light diet, and adjust water intake based on urine output. Additionally, if patients with acute nephritis also have a respiratory infection, antibiotics should be administered, generally with penicillin as the first choice. Of course, if patients with acute nephritis have significant edema or markedly elevated blood pressure, it is appropriate to use diuretics and antihypertensive medications to avoid complications like hypertensive encephalopathy and heart failure. If some patients with acute nephritis also develop acute renal failure, timely dialysis treatment should be administered to improve the prognosis of acute nephritis and enhance the effectiveness of treatment.