What to check for malignant lymphoma?

Written by Zhou Chen
Oncology
Updated on January 28, 2025
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The examination of lymphoma first requires routine blood tests and blood smears. When aggressive lymphoma invades the bone marrow, anemia, decreased white blood cells, and platelets may occur, and lymphoma cells can appear in peripheral blood; therefore, bone marrow smears and biopsies are necessary. Additionally, blood biochemistry is important, as an increase in lactate dehydrogenase is associated with tumor burden and is an indicator of poor prognosis. Furthermore, Hodgkin's lymphoma may involve the central nervous system, so patients with symptoms of central nervous system involvement need to undergo cerebrospinal fluid examination. The most important aspect of lymphoma is the histopathological examination. Based on the histopathological examination, the pathological staging is determined, and genetic rearrangement can also be performed.

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Oncology
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Symptoms of Lymphoma

The symptoms of lymphoma mostly present as painless enlarged superficial lymph nodes, which are common clinical manifestations. Additionally, there may be enlargement of the liver and spleen, with multiple organs throughout the body possibly affected. In advanced stages, patients may experience invasion of the bone marrow. There are also special types of extranodal lymphomas which exhibit specific symptoms. For instance, lymphomas originating in the stomach may present with upper abdominal masses, or symptoms like anemia, weight loss, black stools, and even upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting related to the gastrointestinal tract. If the lymphoma originates in the nasal cavity, known as NK/T-cell lymphoma, symptoms may include tinnitus, nasal congestion, runny nose, and nosebleeds, among others. Some lymphoma patients may also experience fever, generalized weakness, weight loss, collectively referred to as B symptoms.

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Oncology
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Is lymphoma a type of cancer?

Cancer refers to malignant tumors. Tumors are classified into benign and malignant types, with the malignant ones commonly referred to as cancer. Often discussed are those originating from epithelial cells, termed carcinomas, such as lung cancer and breast cancer. However, there are special types such as those originating from mesenchymal tissue, called sarcomas, including synovial sarcoma and osteosarcoma, which are also malignant tumors and belong to cancer. Lymphoma, a malignant tumor originating from lymph nodes or extranodal tissues or organs, is also classified as cancer.

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Oncology
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What is lymphoma?

Lymphoma refers to a type of malignant tumor that originates in the lymph nodes or extranodal tissues or organs. It is clinically categorized into two main types: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Furthermore, it can be subdivided into many different pathological types. Among these, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type in China, and there are dozens of different pathological types. The pathological type of the lymphoma determines its malignancy level, prognosis, chemotherapy regimen options, and treatment methods, all of which can vary significantly.

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Oncology
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Lymphoma fever symptoms

Patients with lymphoma commonly exhibit symptoms such as fever, clinically referred to as B symptoms. Some patients may also experience additional B symptoms such as fatigue, sweating, or weight loss. Patients displaying these B symptoms generally have a poorer prognosis. Furthermore, lymphoma patients typically experience fever more frequently in the afternoon or evening, usually presenting with a low-grade fever. If the condition of a lymphoma patient is not controlled, their fever symptoms will recur repeatedly. Only when the condition is under control will there be an alleviation of fever symptoms. Anti-inflammatory drugs are not effective in these cases.

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The difference between lymphoma and lymphatic cancer

Cancer, commonly referred to as malignant tumors in everyday language, is generally known to the public simply as cancer—for example, lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, etc. It specifically refers to malignant tumors that occur in epithelial tissue, which we call cancer. Lymphoma, on the other hand, refers to malignant tumors that occur in lymph nodes, or in extranodal organs or tissues, which we call lymphoma. There are also malignant tumors that occur in mesenchymal tissue, known as sarcomas. In fact, lymphoma is also a type of malignant tumor, so people commonly refer to it as lymphatic cancer. Therefore, lymphoma and lymphatic cancer are essentially the same disease, with lymphatic cancer specifically referring to lymphoma.