What to check for malignant lymphoma?

Written by Zhou Chen
Oncology
Updated on January 28, 2025
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The examination of lymphoma first requires routine blood tests and blood smears. When aggressive lymphoma invades the bone marrow, anemia, decreased white blood cells, and platelets may occur, and lymphoma cells can appear in peripheral blood; therefore, bone marrow smears and biopsies are necessary. Additionally, blood biochemistry is important, as an increase in lactate dehydrogenase is associated with tumor burden and is an indicator of poor prognosis. Furthermore, Hodgkin's lymphoma may involve the central nervous system, so patients with symptoms of central nervous system involvement need to undergo cerebrospinal fluid examination. The most important aspect of lymphoma is the histopathological examination. Based on the histopathological examination, the pathological staging is determined, and genetic rearrangement can also be performed.

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Written by Liu Liang
Oncology
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How is Hodgkin's lymphoma treated?

The treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma is based on various factors including the stage of the disease as well as the general condition of the patient, among other comprehensive considerations. For patients with early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma, commonly referred to as localized Hodgkin's lymphoma, the treatment principle is a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A rational comprehensive treatment can achieve a five-year survival rate of 80% to 90%. For advanced-stage patients, such as those with stage IV Hodgkin's lymphoma, the treatment primarily consists of systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, the choice of a specific treatment plan must also consider a variety of factors based on the patient's overall condition.

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Written by Yan Chun
Oncology
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What are the early symptoms of lymphoma?

Lymphoma is a malignant tumor of the hematological system, with early symptoms including painless enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck, which are generally well-movable and firm or hard in texture early on, without inflammatory changes such as redness, swelling, heat, or pain. Additionally, lymphomas occurring in the gastrointestinal tract can clinically present with symptoms such as upper abdominal fullness and discomfort, bloating, nausea, recurrent acid reflux, and belching. Lymphomas occurring in the respiratory system can manifest clinically with symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath after activity, and chest pain. Lymphomas occurring in the brain can cause dizziness, headaches, movement disorders, ataxia, and abnormal gait.

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Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
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Malignant lymphoma chemotherapy regimen

The chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma, I personally don't think is very painful. Actually, lymphoma treatment nowadays not only includes chemotherapy but also targeted therapy and immunotherapy, so it is not very painful. Moreover, generally speaking, the common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, poor spirit, constipation, or diarrhea. In clinical practice, these symptoms can be controlled by using antiemetic, hepatoprotective, gastric protective, and cardioprotective drugs. Of course, another common side effect of lymphoma chemotherapy is bone marrow suppression, which can cause a decrease in white blood cells and platelets. However, if there is only a mild decrease, we can restore these levels with oral medication to increase white blood cells or injections to increase white blood cells and platelets. If the suppression is very severe, it could potentially be life-threatening. But strictly speaking, more than 95% of patients can tolerate chemotherapy.

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Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
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What are the symptoms of lymphoma spread?

The symptoms of lymphoma spread depend primarily on its original location. Generally, the most common site of origin is in the neck. Spread means that it has moved to other areas, so it may have spread to the armpits, groin, or popliteal fossa. If there is swelling or a tumor in the lymph nodes in these areas, it manifests as a tumor that can be felt in those specific locations, like in the groin or armpits. Of course, it is possible that it may spread to substantive organs, such as the lungs. If it spreads to the lungs, symptoms might include shortness of breath, coughing, and blood in the sputum.

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Written by Wu Xia
Oncology
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How long can lymphoma last?

In clinical practice, lymphomas are classified into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a relatively common type of tumor in China and has the highest incidence among lymphomas. However, it is further divided into dozens of subtypes, each with distinct clinical symptoms. Aggressive lymphomas can be cured, while indolent lymphomas can be managed with the tumor remaining. Thus, the question of how long one can live with lymphoma cannot be generalized; it depends on the type and stage of the disease, and many can be cured completely.