Is prostate cancer prone to metastasis?

Written by Liu Liang
Oncology
Updated on June 29, 2025
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Bone metastasis in prostate cancer is very common clinically, and most prostate cancer patients are often diagnosed with multiple bone metastases, making bone metastasis very likely in prostate cancer. However, metastasis to other organs, such as distant organs like the lungs and liver, can also occur, but they are relatively rare. It is usually patients with very advanced prostate cancer who might experience metastases to other distant organs. Additionally, it is common for there to be local spread and invasion in the pelvic area, such as invasion into pelvic organs like the bladder and rectum.

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Written by Liu Liang
Oncology
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How to Test for Prostate Cancer

For the examination of prostate cancer, the first and very important method is the digital rectal examination, which can also serve as a screening method for prostate cancer. If a prostate lump is detected through digital rectal examination, it is necessary to perform a biopsy via transrectal or perineal puncture, as the puncture biopsy is considered the gold standard for confirming prostate cancer. Clinically, the tumor marker PSA for prostate cancer is also combined, which has great clinical significance as it is the most specific and sensitive tumor marker for prostate cancer. Therefore, prostate cancer can be diagnosed by combining the PSA test with digital rectal examination and puncture biopsy.

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Written by Liu Liang
Oncology
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Is prostate cancer radiotherapy painful?

Prostate cancer radiotherapy involves high doses of radiation, which typically results in related side effects. However, the severity of these side effects varies from patient to patient depending on individual factors such as their physical constitution. Therefore, clinically, some patients may experience severe symptoms, while others may have milder symptoms, indicating significant individual differences. Common side effects of radiotherapy include radiation cystitis, characterized by frequent urination, urgency, and possibly hematuria. Radiation proctitis is also common, presenting symptoms such as a sensation of heaviness around the anus and diarrhea. Additionally, bone marrow suppression, manifesting as a decrease in white blood cells and platelets, is another side effect.

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Written by Yan Chun
Oncology
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Is prostate cancer stage T2 considered early or mid-stage?

Prostate cancer stage T2 is considered early or intermediate, but it is also necessary to understand the patient's N and M status. If the patient is at stage T2, and both N and M are at stage 0, then it is considered early-stage prostate cancer. If the primary lesion is at stage T2, but N1 is present and there is no metastasis (M), then the patient is considered to have intermediate-stage prostate cancer. If the primary lesion is at stage T2, but there is metastasis in N and M, then the patient's clinical stage is considered advanced. The clinical staging of prostate cancer not only requires understanding of the primary lesion T, but also involves the regional lymph nodes N and distant metastasis M.

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Written by Zhou Zi Hua
Oncology
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Commonly used drugs for endocrine treatment of prostate cancer

The purpose of endocrine therapy for prostate cancer is to reduce the concentration of androgens in the body, inhibit the synthesis of androgens originating from the adrenal glands, inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, or block the binding of androgens to their receptors, thereby inhibiting or controlling the growth of prostate cancer cells. The medications include a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue, with representative drugs being leuprorelin, goserelin, and triptorelin. There is also an androgen-blocking drug, including steroidal drugs with representative drugs like cyproterone acetate, and non-steroidal drugs with representative drugs like bicalutamide and flutamide. Additionally, there are estrogens, with the most common being diethylstilbestrol.

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Written by Liu Liang
Oncology
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Can people with prostate cancer eat beef?

Patients with prostate cancer can eat beef. Beef is a high-protein food, and as cancer is a consumptive disease, it is generally advised to enhance nutrition in the diet, such as meats, proteins, vegetables, and fruits to maintain a balanced diet with both meat and vegetables. Avoid junk food, such as pickled vegetables from pickled jars, barbecue items, or excessively oily foods with high fat content. Those should be avoided as much as possible, but other foods, including beef, can be consumed.