Commonly used drugs for endocrine treatment of prostate cancer

Written by Zhou Zi Hua
Oncology
Updated on September 06, 2024
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The purpose of endocrine therapy for prostate cancer is to reduce the concentration of androgens in the body, inhibit the synthesis of androgens originating from the adrenal glands, inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, or block the binding of androgens to their receptors, thereby inhibiting or controlling the growth of prostate cancer cells. The medications include a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue, with representative drugs being leuprorelin, goserelin, and triptorelin. There is also an androgen-blocking drug, including steroidal drugs with representative drugs like cyproterone acetate, and non-steroidal drugs with representative drugs like bicalutamide and flutamide. Additionally, there are estrogens, with the most common being diethylstilbestrol.

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What indicators are checked for prostate cancer?

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein produced by the vesicles in the cytoplasm of normal or pre-cancerous epithelial cells of the prostate. It is the most specific and sensitive tumor marker for prostate cancer. Therefore, in patients with prostate cancer, we generally conduct blood tests for PSA, especially in screening for prostate cancer, assessing the effectiveness of treatments, and for the prognosis of prostate patients, among other aspects. Additionally, other examinations are combined, such as digital rectal exams, which can also serve as a screening method for prostate cancer. Moreover, CT or MRI scans of the prostate and pelvis, as well as ultrasound examinations of the prostate, can be used in conjunction with the tumor marker PSA for a comprehensive evaluation.

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Late-stage prostate cancer with bone metastases: how long can one survive?

Bone metastasis is the most common site of metastasis for prostate cancer. If prostate cancer has metastasized to the bones, it means it is not in its early stages but has entered the advanced stages. However, this type of tumor is not like others with a higher degree of malignancy. If it has a good sensitivity to hormone therapy, after our standardized treatment, the survival time can still be quite long.

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Is vomiting in prostate cancer due to metastasis to the liver?

Patients with prostate cancer may experience vomiting due to the metastasis of the disease to the liver, causing damage to liver function. However, vomiting could also be caused by other reasons, such as the metastasis of prostate cancer to the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity. Clinically, this can lead to cancerous intestinal obstruction, with symptoms commonly including vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating, reduced bowel movements and gas, or cessation of bowel movements and gas. When prostate cancer metastasizes to the brain, the increased intracranial pressure can also cause symptoms such as vomiting, headache, swelling of the optic disc, hemiplegia, and aphasia. Additionally, some prostate cancer patients may experience vomiting due to toxic side effects from treatments such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy.

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Is prostate cancer sexually transmitted?

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Typical symptoms of prostate cancer

Early-stage prostate patients often do not exhibit significant clinical symptoms. However, when the prostate cancer tumor invades the surrounding tissues and structures, it can cause corresponding clinical manifestations such as urinary tract irritation and urinary obstruction. Symptoms include difficulty urinating or frequent urination, painful urination, and even urinary incontinence, perineal pain, and sciatica. Bone metastasis is a common site of metastasis in prostate cancer patients, causing pain in the affected area and even pathological fractures.