androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer

Written by Zhou Zi Hua

Oncology

Updated on September 08, 2024

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Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer includes surgical castration, which can quickly and continuously reduce levels to very low levels. The second is medical castration, which involves the use of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Currently available products include leuprolide, goserelin, and triptorelin. Third, estrogen therapy, with diethylstilbestrol being the most common estrogen treatment. Surgical castration, medical castration, or estrogen therapy offer similar progression-free survival rates in patients with tumor-related outcomes.

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When prostate cancer invades surrounding tissues and structures, it can cause a variety of clinical symptoms, including urinary irritation, urinary obstruction, urinary incontinence, sciatica, erectile dysfunction, etc., and can compress causing unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis. In severe cases, when the tumor invades the rectum, it can cause difficulty in defecation or colon obstruction. When the cancer metastasizes to the bones, it can cause bone pain and pathological fractures, and may also spread to the lungs.

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Is vomiting in prostate cancer due to metastasis to the liver?

Patients with prostate cancer may experience vomiting due to the metastasis of the disease to the liver, causing damage to liver function. However, vomiting could also be caused by other reasons, such as the metastasis of prostate cancer to the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity. Clinically, this can lead to cancerous intestinal obstruction, with symptoms commonly including vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating, reduced bowel movements and gas, or cessation of bowel movements and gas. When prostate cancer metastasizes to the brain, the increased intracranial pressure can also cause symptoms such as vomiting, headache, swelling of the optic disc, hemiplegia, and aphasia. Additionally, some prostate cancer patients may experience vomiting due to toxic side effects from treatments such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy.

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Can prostate cancer be detected by ultrasound B?

Prostate cancer can generally be detected through ultrasound, as it reveals nodules in the prostate. By examining the internal echoes of these nodules, one can differentiate between benign and malignant prostate conditions. Thus, in foreign countries, ultrasound, specifically prostate color Doppler ultrasound examinations, are used as a screening method for prostate cancer. In China, screening methods also include traditional digital rectal examinations and generally involve blood tests for specific prostate tumor markers, namely PSA. These tests are combined with prostate ultrasound for a comprehensive assessment.

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Can prostate cancer be detected by a CT scan?

If a CT scan is performed for prostate cancer, it usually can detect the tumor in the prostate, especially an enhanced CT scan will show enhancement. However, to confirm the diagnosis, it is still necessary to perform a prostate biopsy to find cancer cells. Only with the detection of cancer cells can prostate cancer be diagnosed. Additionally, a blood test for the tumor marker PSA, which generally increases, can be used in combination with these findings for a comprehensive evaluation. The definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer requires a biopsy to find cancer cells, which is the gold standard for diagnosing prostate cancer.

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How to treat bone metastases from prostate cancer?

The treatment of bone metastases from prostate cancer can include first-line hormonal therapy. During hormonal treatment, bisphosphonates can be used in conjunction to increase bone density. Additionally, external radiation therapy can improve localized bone pain. Patients with multiple bone metastases or bone pain can undergo radionuclide therapy. Another method is the use of analgesic drug therapy, which is also a main approach to alleviate pain from bone metastases of prostate cancer.