What are the causes of prostate cancer?

Written by Zhou Zi Hua

Oncology

Updated on September 20, 2024

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At present, there are many factors that cause prostate cancer, but its exact etiology remains unclear. It may be related to genetic factors, gene changes, prostate gonococcal and chlamydial infections, intensity of sexual activity, and the influence of hormones. Additionally, dietary habits, long-term consumption of high-fat foods, and occupational hazards, such as excessive exposure to chromium, may also be related to the development of the disease.

Other Voices

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Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

1min 4sec

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Will prostate cancer cause an increase in CA199 levels?

In most cases, patients with prostate cancer do not experience an increase in the C199 marker. This is because, although C199 is a tumor marker, its elevation is mainly seen in the following tumors: pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian epithelial cancer in women. In patients with large amounts of ascites, this marker may also show a mild increase. For patients with prostate cancer, the important abnormal indicator is PSA, also known as Prostate-Specific Antigen, a tumor marker. This marker is often seen to be abnormally high. Even if the PSA level in prostate cancer patients is not high, the ratio of free PSA to total PSA often shows abnormalities. These indicator abnormalities are mainly helpful for the auxiliary diagnosis of prostate cancer, monitoring of the condition, and support in anti-tumor treatment.

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Written by Zhou Zi Hua

Oncology

40sec

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androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer

Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer includes surgical castration, which can quickly and continuously reduce levels to very low levels. The second is medical castration, which involves the use of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Currently available products include leuprolide, goserelin, and triptorelin. Third, estrogen therapy, with diethylstilbestrol being the most common estrogen treatment. Surgical castration, medical castration, or estrogen therapy offer similar progression-free survival rates in patients with tumor-related outcomes.

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Written by Liu Liang

Oncology

55sec

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Is prostate cancer radiotherapy painful?

Prostate cancer radiotherapy involves high doses of radiation, which typically results in related side effects. However, the severity of these side effects varies from patient to patient depending on individual factors such as their physical constitution. Therefore, clinically, some patients may experience severe symptoms, while others may have milder symptoms, indicating significant individual differences. Common side effects of radiotherapy include radiation cystitis, characterized by frequent urination, urgency, and possibly hematuria. Radiation proctitis is also common, presenting symptoms such as a sensation of heaviness around the anus and diarrhea. Additionally, bone marrow suppression, manifesting as a decrease in white blood cells and platelets, is another side effect.

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Written by Liu Liang

Oncology

43sec

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Typical symptoms of prostate cancer

Early-stage prostate patients often do not exhibit significant clinical symptoms. However, when the prostate cancer tumor invades the surrounding tissues and structures, it can cause corresponding clinical manifestations such as urinary tract irritation and urinary obstruction. Symptoms include difficulty urinating or frequent urination, painful urination, and even urinary incontinence, perineal pain, and sciatica. Bone metastasis is a common site of metastasis in prostate cancer patients, causing pain in the affected area and even pathological fractures.

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Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

1min 16sec

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How to treat bone metastasis in advanced prostate cancer?

For cases of advanced prostate cancer with bone metastasis, the following clinical treatment measures can be taken: Firstly, for the pain caused by bone metastatic lesions, symptomatic pain relief treatment should be administered with medication. The pain from bone metastatic lesions generally presents as moderate to severe, and medications usually involve weak or strong opioids for pain relief. For some patients with advanced bone metastases, pathological fractures may occur, necessitating treatments such as bone stabilization and bone cement. For some patients with advanced bone metastasis from prostate cancer, monthly injections of zoledronic acid can also be administered to treat the bone metastases. When prostate cancer has metastasized to the bone, it indicates that the disease is at an advanced stage, and the opportunity for curative surgery is lost. In most cases, treatments such as targeted therapy and endocrine therapy are adopted as conservative medical approaches.