Symptoms of osteosarcoma metastasis to the lungs

Written by Guan Yu Hua
Orthopedic Surgery
Updated on June 01, 2025
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Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the bone, most commonly found in adolescents and young adults. The most frequent sites are the distal femur, the proximal tibia, or the proximal humerus. Early-stage patients often experience lung metastases, which are quite common. Initially, there are no symptoms; however, as the disease progresses, symptoms such as lumps, significant pain especially at night, increased local skin temperature, dilated veins, and weight loss may appear. At this stage, radiographic examinations are imperative to identify the tumor presence, indicated by findings such as a Codman triangle or sunray appearance, which are suggestive of osteosarcoma, though confirmation through pathology is essential. Furthermore, comprehensive body scans are necessary to check for metastases. Early-stage lung metastases might not show symptoms, but as the disease advances, symptoms like coughing, coughing up blood, and pleural effusion, possibly bloody, may develop. Severe cases can lead to respiratory difficulties and cachexia. Early detection and treatment, combined with postoperative chemotherapy, can lead to a five-year survival rate of over 50%. However, the disease is often diagnosed in its intermediate to late stages due to the absence of early symptoms, making it challenging to detect.

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Written by Guan Jing Tao
Orthopedics
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How to alleviate the pain of osteosarcoma?

Pain in osteosarcoma patients is mostly caused by the cancer invading local bone tissue and other tissues, leading to pain, tenderness, and even sleeplessness. Therefore, the pain management follows a certain hierarchy, starting with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by weak opioids, and finally strong opioids such as morphine. However, this only alleviates the pain and does not help with treatment. For early-stage osteosarcoma patients, pain management primarily involves surgery when necessary. For advanced-stage patients, it involves gradually increasing the dose of effective pain-relief medications to alleviate temporary pain. (Controlled drugs must be strictly used under the supervision of relevant physicians.)

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Written by Na Hong Wei
Orthopedics
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Is osteosarcoma sensitive to chemotherapy?

Osteosarcoma is relatively sensitive to chemotherapy. Currently, the treatment of malignant tumors is primarily a comprehensive approach centered around surgery. However, the treatment of osteosarcoma should start with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which involves administering a certain number of chemotherapy sessions, generally around six, before surgery. After chemotherapy, the tumor itself shrinks in size, pain is reduced, and the patient's cachexia also improves. At this point, choosing an optimal surgical method based on the tumor’s location and size becomes feasible, whether it involves amputation, limb-salvage, or other treatment methods such as the implantation of prosthetics. Postoperative chemotherapy is then administered. With this approach, there is a significant improvement in the five-year survival rate. Therefore, the treatment of osteosarcoma is inseparable from chemotherapy, requiring both preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy, making osteosarcoma quite sensitive to chemotherapy overall.

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Written by Guan Yu Hua
Orthopedic Surgery
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What is the basis for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma?

Let's briefly describe osteosarcoma, which is a malignant tumor of the bone, most commonly found in adolescents and young adults, typically occurring near the proximal end of the tibia, the distal end of the femur, or the proximal end of the humerus, mainly growing at the epiphyseal ends. In the early stages, patients show no symptoms, with the most common symptom being pain, usually discovered in the middle to late stages. This pain tends to be persistent and is most pronounced at night. Some patients may also have a local mass. Osteosarcomas are highly prone to early lung metastases. Additionally, the surface skin temperature may increase, veins may become distended, and there may be a presence of cachexia as the disease progresses, leading to severe thinness and weakness in the body. The primary diagnostic basis is radiographic examination, which might show unique signs such as Codman’s triangle under sun-ray exposure, indicative of osteosarcoma. If the radiographic signs are not typical, further differentiation can be done using CT scans or MRI. The most crucial matter is surgical biopsy for a definitive diagnosis, mainly based on the postoperative pathology. Intraoperative measures like cryosurgery can be performed. Upon discovery, limb amputation is generally recommended, although limb-sparing surgeries can be considered, involving techniques like resection followed by reimplantation or prosthetic implantation. Overall, the prognosis is typically poor, but with the rapid advancement in chemotherapy, the five-year survival rate can improve somewhat, generally around 50%.

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Written by Guan Yu Hua
Orthopedic Surgery
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Symptoms of osteosarcoma metastasis to the lungs

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the bone, most commonly found in adolescents and young adults. The most frequent sites are the distal femur, the proximal tibia, or the proximal humerus. Early-stage patients often experience lung metastases, which are quite common. Initially, there are no symptoms; however, as the disease progresses, symptoms such as lumps, significant pain especially at night, increased local skin temperature, dilated veins, and weight loss may appear. At this stage, radiographic examinations are imperative to identify the tumor presence, indicated by findings such as a Codman triangle or sunray appearance, which are suggestive of osteosarcoma, though confirmation through pathology is essential. Furthermore, comprehensive body scans are necessary to check for metastases. Early-stage lung metastases might not show symptoms, but as the disease advances, symptoms like coughing, coughing up blood, and pleural effusion, possibly bloody, may develop. Severe cases can lead to respiratory difficulties and cachexia. Early detection and treatment, combined with postoperative chemotherapy, can lead to a five-year survival rate of over 50%. However, the disease is often diagnosed in its intermediate to late stages due to the absence of early symptoms, making it challenging to detect.

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Written by Wang Cheng Lin
Orthopedics
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Osteosarcoma etiology

Currently, in clinical practice, the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma is not fully understood. However, it may be related to genetics, exposure to radioactive materials, and viral infections. It can also be secondary to other deformative osteitis, fibrous dysplasia, and some benign tumors transforming into malignant bone tumors. Osteosarcoma primarily occurs in the metaphysis of long bones. The tumor spreads along the marrow cavity, extending towards both the metaphysis of the long bones and the diaphysis of the bones. Once the tumor breaks through the bone shaft, it rapidly destroys the cortical bone, spreads under the periosteum, and invades the surrounding soft tissues outside the eardrum, damaging the surrounding muscles and soft tissues.