Osteosarcoma common onset age

Written by Wang Cheng Lin

Orthopedics

Updated on April 12, 2025

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Osteosarcoma most commonly occurs in adolescents under the age of 20, or in children, and is a type of malignant tumor. It is the most common malignant bone tumor in children, accounting for about 5% of all malignant tumors in children, making this age group highly susceptible to osteosarcoma. The formation of osteosarcoma is mainly due to external factors such as viral infections and genetic mutations that lead to cell mutations. Osteosarcoma is a typical malignant tumor that destroys bone and surrounding soft tissue, leading to pathological fractures. It can also form distant metastases, thus posing a significant threat.

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Written by Guan Yu Hua

Orthopedic Surgery

1min 5sec

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How big do osteosarcomas generally grow?

The size of osteosarcoma is generally difficult to measure. By undergoing radiographic examination, Codman's triangle and bone destruction can be observed in the patient's images, which can be diagnosed as osteosarcoma. Further biopsy is then required. Osteosarcoma typically presents as a mass approximately the size of a fist, and early stages may involve malignant pulmonary metastasis. By conducting a pulmonary CT scan, lesions and metastatic foci can be discovered, primarily indicating bone destruction and the presence of Codman's triangle. Such destruction can deform the normal bone structure, and abnormal masses may be palpable during physical examinations, presenting in irregular shapes. This condition is commonly seen and cannot be evaluated merely by the size of the osteosarcoma. Early stages may involve lung metastasis, progressing to advanced stages where the prognosis is poor and survival rates significantly decrease. Therefore, this disease generally requires early diagnosis and treatment.

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Written by Guan Yu Hua

Orthopedic Surgery

1min 21sec

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Is a fracture in osteosarcoma very dangerous?

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the bone, commonly found in adolescents and young adults, primarily occurring near the proximal tibia, distal femur, and proximal humerus, mostly at the metaphyseal ends. The tumor itself can lead to bone destruction and periosteal reactions. Pathological fractures may occur, which are frequently observed clinically. If a fracture occurs, radiographic examination can generally detect it, often showing a Codman's triangle or sunburst pattern. Early detection and treatment are crucial. Once a pathological fracture is observed, it typically indicates a middle to late stage of the disease, with a particularly high likelihood of lung metastasis. The situation with just a pathological fracture is quite severe, and unlike other fractures that might be managed with steel plates or intramedullary pins, treatment here is conservative, possibly requiring amputation, though limb-sparing approaches may also be necessary. Detecting the condition early, before distant metastasis, and combining treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, can result in a five-year survival rate above 50%. The threat posed by pathological fractures alone is significant, and amputation may be necessary, with chemotherapy likely required post-surgery.

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Written by Guan Yu Hua

Orthopedic Surgery

1min 44sec

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Osteosarcoma Causes

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor of the bone and typically presents without symptoms in its early stages. The cause of osteosarcoma is unknown, and it often goes undetected until it has reached a moderate or advanced stage. It commonly develops at the distal end of the femur near the knee joint, at the proximal end of the tibia, or at the proximal end of the humerus, primarily at the end of the growth plate. The pain associated with osteosarcoma is usually persistent, especially severe at night, and can lead to symptoms such as anemia or general wasting. The tumor's surface may be warm to the touch, with prominent veins visible, and radiographic imaging might show a Codman's triangle, indicative of sunlight-like radiation patterns, as well as bone destruction and clear periosteal reaction. Surgical treatment is typically pursued, with amputation being the most common procedure, though limb-sparing surgeries are possible if the tumor is detected early enough. Some cases metastasize, most commonly to the lungs, requiring continued high-dose chemotherapy post-surgery to prolong survival. Generally, the five-year survival rate for osteosarcoma can exceed 50% with early diagnosis and treatment. The chances of survival heavily depend on the individual’s constitution, the timing of tumor detection, and the surgical intervention. The exact causes of osteosarcoma are unclear, and the potential for metastasis complicates treatment. Therefore, early surgical intervention is crucial for improving survival rates and enabling patients to maintain a normal life and work activities.

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Written by Li Jie

Orthopedics

57sec

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Does osteosarcoma hurt when pressed?

Osteosarcoma, also known as osteogenic sarcoma, is a primary malignant tumor of the bone. It ranks second in incidence among bone tumors and has a relatively high incidence and malignancy rate. It is more common in adolescents and occurs more frequently in males than in females. The earliest clinical symptoms of this disease include dull pain and persistent pain that worsens with activity, as well as nighttime pain, which is more pronounced than daytime pain. This is a very important characteristic, indicating that patients experience nighttime pain and rest pain. The affected area may develop a rapidly growing mass that changes significantly in size from month to month. If the tumor grows large, pressing on it can cause pain, but in the early stages when the tumor is not very large, the tenderness may not be very apparent, presenting only as localized spontaneous pain, which requires attention.

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Written by Na Hong Wei

Orthopedics

1min 9sec

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Can osteosarcoma be detected by X-ray?

Osteosarcoma can be detected with an X-ray, which is a very important method for diagnosing osteosarcoma. Since osteosarcoma typically comes in three types—osteoblastic, osteolytic, and mixed—the appearances on the X-rays are generally different. Osteolytic osteosarcoma mainly involves bone destruction, osteoblastic is characterized by bone regeneration, and the mixed type has both bone destruction and regeneration. Secondly, osteosarcoma primarily erodes the bone quality, and the periosteal reaction is very apparent. Typical osteosarcomas often show signs like Codman's triangle or the sunburst appearance. Therefore, if symptoms such as redness and increased temperature of the skin, along with a bony lump, occur around the distal femur, proximal tibia, or proximal humerus, it is best to first go to the hospital for an X-ray. X-rays are currently the most economical and necessary diagnostic tool for osteosarcoma.