The causes of Crohn's disease are not yet fully understood, but it is currently believed to be caused by the interaction of many factors, including environmental factors, genetic factors, infections, gut microbiota, and immune factors. The incidence of Crohn's disease in first-degree relatives of patients is significantly higher than in the general population. Therefore, it is considered that Crohn's disease is both a polygenic disease and a genetically heterogeneous disease. Individuals with genetic susceptibility may develop the disease under certain environmental influences. Thus, it appears that Crohn's disease has a certain genetic predisposition and can be inherited by the next generation. The typical symptoms of Crohn's disease include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Generally, the course of the disease progresses slowly, often presenting a chronic active phase alternating with remission, tends to be incurable, and has a lifelong tendency to recur. Currently, there is a lack of effective curative treatments for Crohn's disease. The primary approach is drug treatment to control the activity of the disease, maintain disease remission, prevent complications, and avoid intestinal damage.