Can cervical polyps affect fertility?

Written by Zhang Xiu Rong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on September 01, 2024
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It is generally found that cervical polyps do not affect fertility, only endometrial polyps beneath the mucous membrane affect fertility.

If a simple cervical polyp is found, it can be removed through a polypectomy, and treating inflammation symptomatically after the surgery is usually sufficient. Cervical polyps generally do not affect fertility, but those located beneath the mucous membrane do because they can disrupt the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity by implanting at the site of the polyp, affecting embryonic blood circulation, which can lead to biochemical pregnancy or threatened miscarriage.

Therefore, if endometrial polyps affect fertility, it is clear that cervical polyps do not. The treatment for cervical polyps is also quite simple and can generally be handled in the outpatient department of a hospital.

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Can cervical polyps become cancerous?

Cervical polyps are mostly caused by chronic cervical inflammation and local cervical tissue hyperplasia. Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, so cervical polyps generally do not lead to malignancy, and the rate of malignant transformation is very low, accounting for only about 1%. If there is an HPV infection along with cervical polyps, malignant transformation of the cervical polyps can occur. Therefore, if cervical polyps are present, they should be removed, and after removal, a pathological examination is necessary to determine if there is any malignancy.

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Does cervical polyp removal hurt?

Cervical polyp removal surgery will not cause significant pain; however, some discomfort may arise, typically due to the use of a vaginal speculum, which feels similar to the discomfort experienced during regular examinations. The cervix itself does not have pain receptors, so there is no pain felt during cervical examinations and treatments. If there are cervical polyps, the surgery can be scheduled for three to seven days after menstruation has ended, as this timing allows for a longer interval before the next bleeding occurs, which is relatively safer and minimizes the risk of infection.

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What to eat after cervical polyp surgery

Cervical polyp surgery is a common minor procedure in gynecological clinics. The surgical process for cervical polyps is relatively simple and has a minor impact on the patient’s body post-operatively. Generally, there are no special dietary requirements after cervical polyp surgery, and patients can resume a normal diet. However, it is important for patients to avoid consuming spicy and irritating foods shortly after the surgery to prevent gastrointestinal issues like bloating and diarrhea, which could affect the recovery from the cervical polyp surgery.

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Written by Shen Li Wen
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What should you pay attention to after the removal of a cervical polyp?

After undergoing cervical polyp removal surgery, women should first pay attention to the cleanliness of the perineum. It is advisable to abstain from sexual activity, tub baths, and swimming for a month to avoid causing infection of the surgical site. Additionally, it is important to observe the condition of vaginal discharge, such as the amount of vaginal bleeding, its duration, and whether there are any abnormal secretions. One month after the cervical polyp removal surgery, it is necessary to visit the hospital for a follow-up to check the healing of the surgical site. Since cervical polyps can recur easily, further check-ups should be conducted within six months to a year to monitor if there are any signs of recurrence of the cervical polyps.

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Will cervical polyps grow back after being removed?

Under normal circumstances, the majority of cervical polyps form due to chronic inflammation of the cervix, with persistent stimulation leading to the development of cervical polyps. Most cervical polyps are benign, with only a rare few possibly becoming malignant. Generally, after removing a cervical polyp, it may regrow; these polyps are prone to recurrence. Therefore, after the removal of a cervical polyp, it is common for them to regrow, and a follow-up examination is typically recommended half a year or a year later. Postoperative treatment generally involves the use of anti-inflammatory medication. Thus, once a cervical polyp has formed, it is crucial to have an annual check-up. Also, patients with cervical polyps should be vigilant about the possibility of endometrial polyps. At this time, it is necessary to visit a hospital for an ultrasound to confirm if the endometrium is normal, as the polyp may regrow after removal.