What are the initial symptoms of tetanus?

Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
Updated on April 24, 2025
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Usually, the tetanus we talk about is a specific infection caused by the toxins produced by Clostridium tetani entering the body through the damaged skin and mucous membranes. Tetanus has some early symptoms and some characteristic symptoms during an attack. Early symptoms mainly include dizziness, headache, fatigue, decreased appetite, difficulty in chewing, some soreness in the jaw muscles, cyanosis of some muscles, or some reflexive muscle pain. If the condition worsens, it can enter a convulsive phase, characterized by lockjaw, difficulty in opening the mouth, a sardonic smile, and stiffness of the neck.

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Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
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Can tetanus be cured?

If the patient does not have severe complications, most cases of tetanus can be cured. Tetanus is usually a specific infection caused by toxins secreted by Clostridium tetani. The incubation period for tetanus is usually six to seven days, but it can be as short as within 24 hours or as long as several months or even years. Therefore, after cleaning a wound, it is important to get a tetanus vaccine at a formal hospital. When tetanus occurs, we should actively go to the hospital for formal and systematic treatment, as the vast majority of patients can be cured.

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Written by Ai Bing Quan
General Surgery
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How to treat tetanus?

Generally speaking, a tetanus shot needs to be administered intramuscularly, but a skin test must be conducted before injection because tetanus vaccines can easily cause allergic reactions. The skin test usually involves a subcutaneous injection on the palm side of the forearm, followed by an observation period of 15 to 20 minutes. If there is no redness or itching, and the skin test is negative, then the vaccine can be administered intramuscularly, usually in the buttock. However, if the skin test is positive, as indicated by symptoms like redness, significant itching, or even systemic symptoms such as dizziness and cold sweats, it shows that the skin test for tetanus is positive. In this case, one can opt for a desensitization injection of diluted tetanus vaccine, followed by intramuscular injections four times, once every half hour, needing about two hours to complete.

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Written by Liu Huan Huan
General Surgery
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Is tetanus an anaerobic bacterium?

Tetanus is a specific infection often associated with trauma. In addition to various traumas, it can also occur in parturient women and newborns under unsanitary conditions. The pathogen is Clostridium tetani, an obligate anaerobe that stains positive under Gram staining conditions. Normally present in the intestines of humans and animals, it is distributed in nature and common in soil. This type of bacteria has strong resistance to environmental conditions and can withstand boiling.

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Written by Wang Xiang Li
Emergency Medicine
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What should I do if I am allergic to tetanus shots?

The full name of the tetanus shot is tetanus antitoxin serum, which is mainly made from horse serum and has certain allergenic properties. If a patient is allergic to tetanus antitoxin serum, desensitization injections can be used, which involves gradually injecting one milliliter of the tetanus antitoxin serum into the body in four or more sessions, with each injection spaced about twenty to thirty minutes apart. After each injection, it is important to closely observe the patient's reaction, including checking for signs of itching in the nose, hives throughout the body, or difficulty breathing. If any of these symptoms occur, emergency treatment should be administered. If the injections of tetanus antitoxin serum cannot be completed multiple times, or if the patient is unwilling to accept this method of injection, tetanus immunoglobulin can be administered instead of tetanus antitoxin serum. Tetanus immunoglobulin does not require a sensitivity test and can be directly injected into the body without causing an allergic reaction, although it is more expensive.

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Written by Gao Jun
Emergency Surgery
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Can tetanus be cured?

Tetanus has a high mortality rate from infection, but it is not incurable. Even in primitive tribes in Africa, as long as the patient can survive the initial complications such as respiratory muscle spasms leading to suffocation, heart failure, lung infections, etc., they may be lucky to survive. However, in our daily lives today, if we accidentally sustain skin injuries or abrasions, we must not take them lightly and should head to the hospital to follow the doctor's advice. If a tetanus antitoxin injection is needed, it must be administered. Do not neglect it due to inconvenience, as it may lead to severe consequences. The initial symptoms of tetanus might include general weakness, muscle soreness, and spasms of the chewing muscles, which can later lead to severe muscle contractions and forceful spasms throughout the body. The patient remains fully conscious and can painfully experience the disease. Most patients may die from complications such as respiratory muscle spasms, suffocation, heart failure, and lung infections.