How to use a tetanus shot

Written by Xu Jun Hui
General Surgery
Updated on May 01, 2025
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If the wound is deeply infected in an anaerobic environment, or heavily contaminated, such as with polluted soil, rust, or in cases of open fractures, tetanus prophylaxis treatment is required. Tetanus treatment includes tetanus toxoid, which requires a skin test, and tetanus immunoglobulin, which does not require a skin test. The injection is generally administered in the buttock or the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. It is generally recommended to administer the injection within 24 hours of injury for optimal effectiveness, and it is advised not to drink alcohol before receiving the injection. Since most hospitals use tetanus toxoid because it is economical and affordable, a skin test is necessary, and patients with a positive skin test should not use it, instead, they should use tetanus immunoglobulin that does not require a skin test. Do not drink alcohol before the injection to avoid skin flushing, which can affect the results of the skin test.

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Written by Zhang Da Wei
General Surgery
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Tetanus transmission route

The transmission pathways of tetanus bacteria are quite numerous. Moreover, tetanus is an acute disease. It invades the human body through skin and mucous membrane wounds, generally producing toxins and causing illness. Usually, if the wound is more obvious, or there is a higher chance of wound infection, the reproductive capacity of the bacteria may be stronger, and thus the risk of tetanus infection is higher. Typically, after the onset of tetanus, there are clear symptoms such as fever and chills. If muscle stiffness occurs, the symptoms might be quite severe, requiring immediate medical attention. Additionally, it's helpful to observe whether the patient has speech difficulties, eating troubles, and in severe cases, there may even be convulsions.

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Written by Zhang Da Wei
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Contraindications after a tetanus shot

Generally, after receiving a tetanus shot, it is important to check for signs of redness and itching, which are indicators of an allergic reaction. If there are no signs of an allergy, there generally is no need for concern. However, if allergic reactions do occur, it is usually necessary to administer the vaccine in divided doses using a desensitization method to effectively prevent the worsening of allergic symptoms. Of course, after such reactions, it is crucial to avoid certain foods and to improve lifestyle habits. Dietary irritants or stimulants from tobacco and alcohol can potentially damage the vaccine, leading to its ineffectiveness. Therefore, the situation should generally be assessed based on the individual's condition. Additionally, it is important to ensure timely local disinfection to prevent infections.

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Written by Zhang Da Wei
General Surgery
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How many days after getting a tetanus shot can you drink alcohol?

Tetanus is a serious disease with a prognosis that generally causes specific infection issues. The incubation period is usually around one day, but it can be as long as 50 days or even longer in some patients. However, once there is a possibility of a tetanus infection, it is necessary to inject antiviral medication for tetanus to treat and improve the condition. Generally, this can be effective. After this injection, it is definitely not advisable to consume alcohol. Typically, one should consider drinking alcohol only after at least half a month. At the same time, it is also best to avoid spicy, cold, and stimulating foods to enhance the therapeutic effects of the tetanus injection. This can also aid in better adjustments later on. Therefore, in such cases, it is crucial to abstain completely from alcohol to avoid affecting the effectiveness of the tetanus injection. This is the best approach.

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Can tetanus be fatal?

Firstly, it must be acknowledged that if a patient with tetanus does not receive timely treatment, it can be fatal. When tetanus infection occurs, the early symptoms mainly include dizziness, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, weak chewing, sore jaw muscles, or some heightened reflexes, or muscle tension. As tetanus worsens, it can manifest as typical clinical symptoms, mainly lockjaw, difficulty opening the mouth, sardonic smile, stiff neck, opisthotonos, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing, respiratory arrest, and even cardiac arrest. If emergency treatment is not administered promptly, the patient can die.

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What should you avoid eating when you have tetanus?

A tetanus shot involves injecting tetanus antitoxin into the muscle, which is a form of passive immunity. It is usually administered when there is a wound on the patient's body and a suspected infection by tetanus bacillus, effectively preventing the severe complications caused by the toxins released by the tetanus bacillus. Since there is a wound on the body, a light diet is generally required during the eating process. It is necessary to avoid spicy and irritating foods, avoid drinking alcohol, and avoid smoking. Consuming spicy and irritating foods, including alcohol, can lead to inflammation and infection of the wound, and may even cause local blood vessels at the wound site to dilate, worsening the patient's condition.