Perianal abscess is a local infectious disease of the anus, typically occurring acutely with severe pain. The nature of the pain mostly involves jumping pain or peck-like pain. Patients also experience redness and swelling of the skin around the anus, as well as an increase in overall body temperature. Chronic recurrent attacks can lead to fatigue and further spreading of the abscess, causing enlargement of the local abscess cavity and even triggering a systemic infection. Therefore, it is essential to undergo surgical treatment as soon as possible during the acute phase of a perianal abscess. The main surgical methods are incision and drainage of the perianal abscess or a one-time radical surgery around the anus. Postoperative wound disinfection and dressing changes should be carefully attended to.