In pediatric outpatient surgery, perianal abscesses are not uncommon, and many parents visit the hospital daily for this issue. They wait, register, and change dressings. Once the wound heals, it often recurs after a while, leading to repeated incisions and drainage, persisting for several months. Eventually, the doctors say a fistula has formed and surgery is required. What exactly causes such troublesome perianal abscesses? The cause of perianal abscesses is not completely clear, but many affected children have been found to have deeper anal crypts than normal, so it's speculated that it may be related to this abnormality. In children under two years old, perianal abscesses mostly occur in boys. Some studies suggest that testosterone levels are higher in boys aged 1-3 months, coinciding with a peak period for perianal abscess incidences, leading to speculation that it may be related to the child’s hormone levels. In children over two years old, there is less gender bias in the incidence of perianal abscesses, and some cases are secondary to Crohn’s disease.