How to regulate and normalize delayed menstruation during adolescence?

Written by Zhang Chun Yun
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on September 20, 2024
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Adolescent girls have not yet established a regular menstrual cycle, and whether it occurs earlier or later, it is considered normal. This is because the regulation of the menstrual cycle is very complex, involving the interdependence and mutual restraint of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. Additionally, it is also influenced by the cerebral cortex, external environment, psychological factors, and bodily fluids. During adolescence, girls have not yet adjusted these aspects, so a normal menstrual cycle is not established. Menstrual irregularities at this stage are normal, and as long as there are no organic lesions, it generally does not pose a problem. If family members are concerned, a systematic examination at the hospital can be conducted. They may also visit the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) department at a hospital for pulse diagnosis by a TCM practitioner to see if conditioning is needed, but it is best to follow the doctor's advice specifically.

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Written by Huang Ling Juan
Dermatology
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Will keratosis pilaris fade after puberty?

Keratosis pilaris can potentially fade after puberty. This condition is a genetically induced skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinization around the hair follicles. The disease is more common among children and adolescents with dry skin, and the rash tends to diminish as one ages. Keratosis pilaris occurs due to keratinization at the openings of hair follicles, which affects the growth of fine hair, making the skin feel rough, similar to goosebumps. Currently, there is no cure for keratosis pilaris, but symptoms can be improved using certain medications. Topically, keratolytics or skin softeners can be applied to alleviate symptoms and smooth the skin. Additionally, taking oral vitamin A or consuming foods rich in vitamin A can be beneficial for this condition.

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Written by Qu Jing
Dermatology
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Can children's acne be cured?

Acne in children can be cured. However, if treated properly, but lifestyle factors such as sleep, diet, stress, bowel movements, and environment are neglected, acne may recur. Acne, medically referred to as acne vulgaris, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicle sebaceous glands. It can affect appearance and can occur at all ages, though it is most common in adolescents. The development of acne is mainly related to several factors: androgens, increased sebum production, excessive keratinization at the opening of the hair follicle sebaceous glands, infection with Propionibacterium acnes, and subsequent inflammatory responses. Other contributing factors for some patients include genetics, immunity, endocrine disorders, emotions, stress, diet, and staying up late. In treating acne, the main principles are to reduce sebum, dissolve keratin, kill bacteria, reduce inflammation, and regulate hormone levels, which can lead to healing. However, it is important to maintain a light diet daily, avoiding spicy, fried foods, hot pots, barbecues, and beverages, as well as preventing staying up late, as long-term lack of sleep can also cause recurrent acne outbreaks.

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Written by Liu Gang
Dermatology
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How to treat acne scars and keloids

In general, acne patients do not easily develop scar nodules after proper treatment. The occurrence of scar nodules is mostly related to one's constitution, such as a scar-prone constitution. Some patients have larger, more severely infected acne, and improper treatment can lead to further infection, resulting in hypertrophic scarring after healing. Treating scar nodules can be quite troublesome; the most common approach is still local medication and injections, usually two to three sessions, after which the scar nodules gradually shrink, soften, and become smaller, but they do not completely disappear. If the hypertrophic scarring is not very prominent, one can visit the dermatology department of a reputable hospital and use fractional laser treatment for repair, but no matter which method is employed, it is not possible to perfectly resolve the issue.

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Written by Qu Jing
Dermatology
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Is there a difference between acne and pimples?

The difference between acne and pimples is that actually, they are of the same type. Acne is commonly known as ordinary acne, and can occur at any age stage, but is most prevalent among teenagers, hence the term "acne." It is actually a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicle sebaceous gland, and pimples are one type of acne. The various types of lesions in acne are caused by inflammation at different depths of the hair follicles and subsequent reactions. This includes pimples caused by blockage of the hair follicle sebaceous gland duct, as well as superficial pustular inflammation at the hair follicle opening, papules, nodules, cysts, and scars, all of which are categorized as acne. Pimples are the initial form of acne; the lesions are cone-shaped papules consistent with the hair follicles, and are divided into whiteheads and blackheads. Whiteheads are also known as closed comedones, while blackheads are called open comedones. Inside whiteheads, there is a yellow-white tofu dregs-like substance, while blackheads are oxidized whiteheads that have been exposed over time.

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Written by Zhang Jian Bo
Dermatology
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Can acne and pimples wear a mask?

The patient has acne and chooses to wear a mask, which does have a certain impact on the acne. The acne appears around the mouth area, and wearing a mask will cover the affected area. Although it can protect one's health, it may exacerbate the symptoms of acne. Active treatment for acne is necessary, involving proper hydration by drinking small amounts of water frequently and maintaining a light diet, including foods high in vitamins. When going out, it is crucial to wear a mask for personal safety, especially during the epidemic prevention phase. More attention should be paid to self-protection. After returning home, the acne-affected area should be promptly treated with medication, and cleanliness and hygiene should be maintained.