How to treat acne scars and keloids

Written by Liu Gang
Dermatology
Updated on September 08, 2024
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In general, acne patients do not easily develop scar nodules after proper treatment. The occurrence of scar nodules is mostly related to one's constitution, such as a scar-prone constitution. Some patients have larger, more severely infected acne, and improper treatment can lead to further infection, resulting in hypertrophic scarring after healing. Treating scar nodules can be quite troublesome; the most common approach is still local medication and injections, usually two to three sessions, after which the scar nodules gradually shrink, soften, and become smaller, but they do not completely disappear. If the hypertrophic scarring is not very prominent, one can visit the dermatology department of a reputable hospital and use fractional laser treatment for repair, but no matter which method is employed, it is not possible to perfectly resolve the issue.

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Written by Liu Gang
Dermatology
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Why do people get acne?

Acne, medically known as acne vulgaris, is associated with excessive secretion of sebaceous glands, consumption of spicy and stimulating foods, or staying up late. It also has links to individual familial genetics and hormonal imbalances. The main mechanism of the disease involves the sebaceous glands during secretion combining with Propionibacterium acnes on the skin surface, resulting in a purulent infectious disease. Once acne occurs, it is essential to seek proper treatment and avoid squeezing, picking, or forcibly removing with acne needles. Otherwise, it can lead to scarring or acne marks, which may affect one’s facial appearance later on.

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Written by Zhu Zhu
Dermatology
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Dietary precautions for acne

Acne, a skin condition that troubles many young people, requires special attention to diet. Patients with acne should avoid overly spicy and stimulating foods. For example, they should not smoke or drink alcohol, and they should avoid drinking strong tea, eating barbecue, and spicy hot pot. Additionally, they should avoid high-sugar foods such as chocolate, ice cream, and cakes, etc.

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Written by Zhang Chun Yun
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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What does normal vaginal discharge look like during puberty?

Normal vaginal discharge during adolescence is a mixture of vaginal mucosal exudate, cervical canal secretion, and endometrial gland secretion. Its formation is mainly related to the action of estrogen. Normal vaginal discharge is white, transparent, thin or egg white-like, highly viscous, odorless, and generally in small amounts. If inflammation occurs in the female reproductive tract, especially vaginitis and cervicitis, or in cases of cancer, the amount of discharge significantly increases, and its characteristics change. It is crucial to actively seek medical attention in such cases. Additionally, a type of discharge that appears similar to normal but is significantly more abundant and viscous should prompt consideration of chronic cervicitis, ovarian dysfunction, vaginal gland diseases, or highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Other types of discharge, such as frothy, curd-like, fishy, purulent, bloody, or watery discharges, also require active hospital visits for systematic examination, as these are pathological discharges. It is advisable to consult a doctor at a hospital for specific guidance.

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Urology
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What should I do if nocturnal emissions are too frequent during adolescence?

It is a normal physiological phenomenon for adolescents in puberty to experience nocturnal emissions. If the frequency of nocturnal emissions does not exceed twice per week or eight times per month, it is considered normal. If the frequency of nocturnal emissions exceeds the above numbers, and symptoms such as physical fatigue, weakness, lack of concentration, and decreased memory occur, pathological causes should be considered, such as balanoposthitis, phimosis urethritis, and seminal vesiculitis, all of which can lead to frequent nocturnal emissions. Additionally, frequent nocturnal emissions might also be caused by strong sexual fantasies during the day and frequent interactions with the opposite sex. In such cases, it is advisable to promptly visit the urology department of a hospital for a detailed examination. If the condition is caused by a urinary system infection, antibiotics should be used timely to control the infection. If conditions like phimosis are present, early surgical treatment is recommended.

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Breast Surgery
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Is it normal for adolescent boys to have nipple pain?

Nipple pain during puberty is generally likely due to unstable hormone levels in the body, causing a condition called gynecomastia in males. Gynecomastia is caused by hormonal stimulation, and any factors that disrupt the balance of sex hormones, growth hormones, prolactin, etc., can lead to the development of male breasts. However, in clinical practice, most patients do not have a found cause, so the etiology is divided into two categories: primary, which means there are no abnormalities in reproductive organ development or other organic changes, and hormone levels are normal with no obvious causes found clinically; and secondary, which refers to cases where a clear cause is evident in clinical practice.