What are the signs of infertility?

Written by Zhang Wei Wei

Integrative Medicine

Updated on June 20, 2025

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What are the signs of infertility? The signs of male infertility include oligospermia, erectile dysfunction, underdeveloped external genitalia, premature ejaculation, anejaculation, and retrograde ejaculation. The signs of female infertility primarily manifest as menstrual disorders, which can include early menstruation, delayed menstruation, prolonged menstruation, painful menstruation, and abnormal vaginal discharge. These are some of the symptoms of female infertility. Upon noticing these symptoms, one should immediately visit specialized hospitals or reputable medical institutions such as departments of Chinese medicine gynecology, gynecology, Chinese medicine infertility specialty, or obstetrics and gynecology. Men can visit male specialty clinics.

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Why does a chocolate cyst cause infertility?

Chocolate cysts, also known as ovarian endometriomas, are a manifestation of endometriosis. Generally, it refers to the implantation of endometrial tissue on the ovaries, causing local infiltration and invasion, leading to cysts. Because the fluid inside the cyst resembles chocolate, they are called chocolate cysts. Chocolate cysts may cause infertility, for the following reasons: First, chocolate cysts can affect the function of the ovaries, causing ovulatory disorders and ovarian dysfunction. The secretion of estrogen and progesterone is relatively low, and these factors can lead to infertility. Second, chocolate cysts can cause adhesions within the pelvic cavity, affecting the egg-picking function of the fallopian tubes. This factor can also lead to female infertility.

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Will taking too much emergency contraception lead to infertility?

Taking emergency contraceptive pills excessively may lead to infertility. Emergency contraceptives contain highly effective hormonal ingredients, mainly working by altering the viscosity of cervical mucus and affecting the implantation of fertilized eggs. Emergency contraceptive pills can cause menstrual irregularities and disorders, leading to irregular vaginal bleeding. Some may also affect ovulation and the motility of the fallopian tubes, while also causing symptoms such as breast tenderness, nausea, and vomiting. Excessive use of emergency contraceptive pills can significantly affect the endocrine system, potentially leading to infertility and, in some cases, ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, emergency contraceptives should not be used as a regular method of contraception.

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What is infertility?

Infertility refers to the condition where, despite a couple having regular sexual intercourse without contraception for more than a year, the woman does not become pregnant, at which point infertility is diagnosed. Infertility includes primary infertility and secondary infertility. Primary infertility refers to those who have never been pregnant before; secondary infertility refers to individuals who have previously given birth or been pregnant but later, despite trying to conceive for over a year without contraception and having regular sexual intercourse, are unable to become pregnant.

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Infertility is divided into several types.

Common classification methods for infertility mainly include the following types: The first type is based on medical history, which can be divided into primary infertility and secondary infertility. Primary infertility refers to never having been pregnant; secondary infertility refers to having been pregnant before, but after trying to conceive for more than a year, despite having regular sexual intercourse without contraception, there has been no pregnancy. The second type is based on the treatment conditions, which can be divided into absolute infertility and relative infertility. Based on the results of treatment, it can further be classified into temporary infertility and permanent infertility. The third type is based on the causes of infertility, which can be divided into male infertility, female infertility, and infertility affecting both partners.

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For female infertility, one should visit the department of gynecology.

Women who need infertility tests generally go to a hospital and visit either the Infertility Department or the Reproductive Medicine Department. Infertility is generally diagnosed when a couple has been married for over a year, both spouses have normal reproductive functions, have regular conjugal relations without contraception, and yet have not conceived. If infertility is confirmed, the male generally needs to undergo tests such as routine semen analysis, and checks for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia. The female usually needs to undergo tests for immunologic infertility, a sex hormone panel, ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, and follicle monitoring among other related examinations. These issues can generally be addressed by the infertility or reproductive medicine departments in local hospitals.