Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common symptoms during the newborn period and may also be an indication of certain diseases. Usually, if the neonatal jaundice is within the normal range, it is referred to as physiological jaundice, which is generally not a major concern. The baby's condition is typically okay, and the jaundice tends to gradually recede on its own, having minimal impact. If the jaundice is pathological, it generally appears early, progresses rapidly, and recedes slowly. Pathological jaundice, depending on the type of bilirubin increase in the blood, can be divided into high direct bilirubin and high indirect bilirubin elevations. If the increase in indirect bilirubin is significant and continuous, there is a risk of it entering the brain, potentially leading to a severe condition known as bilirubin encephalopathy, or even kernicterus. This could result in serious neurological sequelae, possibly affecting intelligence, hearing, and in more severe cases, it might endanger the baby’s life. If there is a significant increase in direct bilirubin, it might be due to liver or biliary disease. If not treated timely, the condition might progress and potentially lead to liver damage or liver failure, which are also serious complications. Therefore, if jaundice levels are high and there is a suspicion of pathological jaundice, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly and intervene with treatment in a timely manner.