How to completely cure an anal fistula?

Written by Deng Heng

Colorectal Surgery

Updated on June 10, 2025

00:00

00:00

Anal fistula is a tract left after an anal abscess bursts open spontaneously or is surgically incised, generally consisting of a primary internal opening and a secondary external opening. The key to curing an anal fistula lies in the finding and management of the internal opening, meaning that during surgery, the internal opening of the anal fistula must be located and then incised. Managing the internal opening is crucial to the treatment of the anal fistula. The complete removal of the fistula's tract, internal and external openings, until healthy tissue is formed, is the safest and most essential method for curing an anal fistula.

Other Voices

home-news-image

Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min 1sec

home-news-image

Symptoms of cancerous transformation in anal fistula

The vast majority of anal fistulas do not undergo malignant transformation. However, there is a possibility of cancerous changes if an anal fistula that has repeatedly recurred over a long period is not treated aggressively, or if the inflammation of the fistula tract is severe. When an anal fistula undergoes malignant transformation, the secretion from the local fistula tract increases and is accompanied by a foul smell, and there may even be ulceration of the local fistula tract mucosa. Further surgical procedures, such as fistulotomy with seton placement, are required, and the excised fistula tract suspected of high-grade malignant transformation should be sent for pathological examination. If malignant transformation is confirmed, further pelvic MRI examinations are necessary to determine whether there is local and surrounding lymph node metastasis.

home-news-image

Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min

home-news-image

How is an anal fistula treated?

The treatment methods for anal fistula mainly involve surgery. Conservative medication for anal fistula does not provide a definitive cure but can alleviate the inflammatory symptoms triggered during acute episodes by using anti-inflammatory symptomatic drugs. The surgical method primarily used for anal fistula is the fistulotomy with seton placement. This procedure involves cutting the local sphincter either partially or completely using a thread, while preserving the function of the surrounding sphincter and thoroughly removing the fistula tract wall to further eliminate the local lesions. After the surgery, due to the large wound area, it is recommended that patients stay in the hospital for dressing changes and symptomatic treatment to avoid complications like poor healing leading to pseudo-healing or wound infection. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)

home-news-image

Written by Yu Xu Chao

Colorectal Surgery

1min 11sec

home-news-image

What are the consequences of not treating anal fistulas?

Since an anal fistula is caused by the infection and inflammation of the anal glands, it connects the rectum or anal canal with the skin around the anus, forming repeated abscesses, pain, and discharge of pus and blood around the anus. If an anal fistula is not treated, more fistula tracts will develop over time, and more of the muscles around the anus will become infected. This can even lead to high, complex anal fistulas, making surgical treatment later on more difficult and could easily lead to anal incontinence. Also, if an anal fistula is left untreated for a long time, there is the possibility of malignant transformation. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is recommended to undertake surgical treatment for anal fistulas as early as possible. The surgery for an anal fistula mainly involves the removal of the internal opening and the fistula tract, which is essential for a complete cure. Postoperatively, it is necessary to persist in changing dressings to avoid infection or pseudohealing at the wound site. Moreover, patients should be mindful of their diet.

home-news-image

Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

28sec

home-news-image

Consequences of recurrent anal fistulas

If an anal fistula is not treated in time, it may repeatedly occur. If an anal fistula repeatedly occurs, due to local inflammation, pus will spread and infiltrate into the perianal tissues, causing further aggravation of infection. This can then affect the function of the anus, potentially leading to symptoms such as fecal incontinence. Moreover, if an anal fistula repeatedly occurs over a long period, there is a possibility of malignant transformation.

home-news-image

Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min 2sec

home-news-image

How long does it take to recover after surgery for an anal fistula?

After surgery for an anal fistula, the general recovery time is about twenty days to a month. The duration of recovery mainly depends on the size of the local lesion before surgery, as well as the surgical wound postoperatively, and also relates to the patient's constitution. Particularly, if the patient has certain underlying diseases, such as diabetes or a history of tuberculosis, the recovery time may be relatively extended. The wound after an anal fistula surgery is an open wound contaminated with bacteria, so postoperative wound dressing changes are very important for wound recovery. It is recommended that the secretion from the local wound be cleared daily, followed by disinfection with povidone-iodine, then application of an anti-inflammatory ointment, and covering the wound with an oil gauze strip for drainage to avoid poor drainage leading to false healing of the local wound.