Consequences of recurrent anal fistulas

Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

Updated on September 03, 2024

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If an anal fistula is not treated in time, it may repeatedly occur. If an anal fistula repeatedly occurs, due to local inflammation, pus will spread and infiltrate into the perianal tissues, causing further aggravation of infection. This can then affect the function of the anus, potentially leading to symptoms such as fecal incontinence. Moreover, if an anal fistula repeatedly occurs over a long period, there is a possibility of malignant transformation.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min 1sec

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What are the consequences of not treating an anal fistula?

If an anal fistula is not promptly treated with surgery, it may lead to an increase in the number of local branches or a thickening of the fistula wall. If the branches of the anal fistula extend to the ischiorectal fossa, it may also lead to pelvic infections. Moreover, if the anal fistula persists for a long time or if there is significant local inflammatory stimulation, it may even lead to cancerous changes in the fistula. Therefore, once an anal fistula is discovered and diagnosed, it is recommended to promptly undergo surgical treatment with fistulotomy and seton placement. Post-surgery, it is crucial to ensure thorough disinfection of the local wound, debridement, and dressing changes, which are very important for the recovery of the wound. This helps prevent pseudohealing, ensuring that the anal fistula heals completely and preventing recurrent episodes.

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Written by Deng Heng

Colorectal Surgery

42sec

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Can anal fistulas be contagious?

An anal fistula is a pathological channel that forms a connection between the anal canal, rectum, and the skin around the anus. It primarily develops from an infection causing a perirectal abscess around the rectal anal canal. These infections are generally purulent, with a smaller number due to tuberculosis. Other specific infections, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, can also lead to anal fistulas. Generally, such infections are caused by Escherichia coli, leading to purulent infections; tuberculosis can be contagious, but generally, it is not infectious or contagious.

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Written by Deng Heng

Colorectal Surgery

54sec

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What are the symptoms of anal fistula?

An anal fistula generally refers to a tract left behind after an anal abscess bursts on its own or is surgically opened. It usually consists of a primary internal opening and a secondary external opening. The main clinical manifestations, or primary symptoms, are: The first is discharge of pus, which occurs due to recurrent infections in the anal fistula; The second is pain. When the external opening is closed, the pus inside cannot drain properly, or when drainage is poor, this leads to accumulation of pus in the fistula tract, causing localized pain; The third is itching. Continuous irritation of the skin around the external opening by pus draining from the fistula tract can cause itching around the anus and may lead to symptoms like anal eczema.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min 10sec

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Will anal fistula cause bleeding during bowel movements?

If an anal fistula occurs, during the acute phase of the anal fistula, or when the internal and external openings of the anal fistula are ulcerated, there may also be bleeding during defecation. However, the bleeding from defecation due to an anal fistula is generally minor, and occasionally pus may also be discharged from the anus, or pus may be discharged from the external opening, causing itching or stinging of the skin around the external opening. If local pain or bleeding from defecation occurs with an anal fistula, prompt local anti-inflammatory treatment is needed; an anti-inflammatory ointment can be chosen for local application. However, the fundamental treatment for an anal fistula still requires surgery. It is generally recommended to directly perform a fistulotomy with seton placement to completely heal the fistula and prevent recurrent episodes.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min 2sec

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Symptoms of hemorrhoids and anal fistula

If there are concurrent hemorrhoids and anal fistulas, then the clinical manifestations primarily involve the combined symptoms of both conditions. The clinical manifestations of hemorrhoids mainly include recurrent prolapse of local swellings at the anus along with defecation bleeding or pain. As for anal fistulas, they primarily present with local infectious symptoms at the anus because anal fistulas have distinct external and internal openings. During acute episodes, there typically is intermittent discharge of pus from the external opening along with accompanying stabbing pain. If the patient also has hemorrhoids or an exposed anal fissure, it is recommended to proceed with surgical treatment as soon as possible. The only treatment method for anal fistulas is surgery. During the surgery, while excising the wall of the anal fistula tract, mixed hemorrhoids can also be removed simultaneously, achieving the purpose of complete cure.