Since an anal fistula is caused by the infection and inflammation of the anal glands, it connects the rectum or anal canal with the skin around the anus, forming repeated abscesses, pain, and discharge of pus and blood around the anus.

If an anal fistula is not treated, more fistula tracts will develop over time, and more of the muscles around the anus will become infected. This can even lead to high, complex anal fistulas, making surgical treatment later on more difficult and could easily lead to anal incontinence. Also, if an anal fistula is left untreated for a long time, there is the possibility of malignant transformation.

Therefore, in clinical practice, it is recommended to undertake surgical treatment for anal fistulas as early as possible. The surgery for an anal fistula mainly involves the removal of the internal opening and the fistula tract, which is essential for a complete cure. Postoperatively, it is necessary to persist in changing dressings to avoid infection or pseudohealing at the wound site. Moreover, patients should be mindful of their diet.