Does cervical cancer hurt?

Written by Shen Li Wen
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on May 23, 2025
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Women with cervical cancer usually have no specific clinical symptoms in the early stages of the disease. As the tumor increases in size, some women may experience contact bleeding, which occurs after sexual intercourse. As the cancer grows and compresses the surrounding tissues, it can cause local feelings of distension and even pain. In some women, the spread of cancer cells can compress nerves in the pelvic area, also causing localized pain. However, this generally occurs in the later stages of the disease. By this advanced stage, the pain caused by the tumor cannot be alleviated by ordinary analgesics, and drugs like morphine are usually required for pain relief. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Li Shun Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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There are several types of cervical cancer vaccines.

There are three types of cervical cancer vaccines: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent, and the recommended vaccination ages vary for each. The bivalent cervical cancer vaccine is suitable for females aged 9 to 45; the quadrivalent vaccine is suitable for females aged 20 to 45; the nonavalent vaccine is suitable for females aged 16 to 26. Vaccinations can be scheduled at hospitals within these age ranges. The younger the age at vaccination, the higher the antibody production after receiving the cervical cancer vaccine, meaning the effectiveness is better.

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Written by Yan Chun
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Will the cervix rot in the late stages of cervical cancer?

In late-stage cervical cancer, some patients experience severe local tumor infiltration which can lead to tissue necrosis. This necrosis often leads to secondary infections, thereby causing severe complications such as septic shock. In treating such patients, in addition to administering anti-tumor therapies, the primary treatment involves the use of antibiotics to control the infection, to prevent potentially fatal complications such as septic shock. Furthermore, the disease in most patients with late-stage cervical cancer typically presents as widespread dissemination. This dissemination is primarily manifested by metastasis to distant lymph nodes and infiltration of surrounding tissues, as well as metastasis to remote organs like the lungs, liver, and other abdominal organs. Clinically, patients mainly exhibit symptoms related to these metastatic sites.

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Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
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Cervical cancer treatment

For the treatment of cervical cancer, it should be based on the patient's physical condition, nutritional status, pathological staging, and pathological type to develop a comprehensive treatment plan, rather than a general, single approach. The treatment principle for cervical cancer mainly involves surgery and radiotherapy, supported by a comprehensive treatment plan that includes chemotherapy. However, the treatment plan should be based on clinical staging, age, overall health, and consider the level of technology and equipment available to formulate a suitable treatment plan. It is important to focus on individualized treatment and the method of initial treatment. Therefore, each person is different, and treatments vary from person to person and disease to disease.

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Written by Xu Xiao Ming
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Early symptoms of cervical cancer

The most common early symptom of cervical cancer may be contact bleeding, including vaginal bleeding after intercourse. However, not many patients exhibit these symptoms. Many patients do not show any symptoms, but there are some pathological changes on the cervix. Therefore, it is recommended that women who are sexually active should undergo regular early screening for cervical cancer, including HPV, TCT, and colposcopy examinations. Regular checks can determine whether there are indeed pathological changes on the cervix. This is also a preventive measure for women, and the screening is highly efficient at detecting early pathological changes in the cervix.

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Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
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Causes of cervical cancer

The causes of cervical cancer are closely related to several factors. Firstly, infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is highly related and is the fundamental cause of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Secondly, although HPV DNA is not detected in the tumor tissues of a minority of cases, particularly among older patients, epidemiological surveys indicate that early childbirth and multiple childbearing are closely related to the incidence of cervical cancer. Thirdly, it has been found that the incidence of cervical cancer in women is related to contact with high-risk men, such as those with penile cancer, prostate cancer, or those whose ex-wives had cervical cancer. Fourthly, smoking has a certain relationship with the incidence of cervical cancer as it can inhibit the body's immune function. Alcohol consumption, irregular diet, and lifestyle also have certain relationships with the incidence of cervical cancer.