What does an external hemorrhoid look like?

Written by Deng Heng
Colorectal Surgery
Updated on February 18, 2025
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External hemorrhoids are hypertrophic protrusions of the skin around the anal margin, forming skin tags, or expansions of the subcutaneous venous plexus, where blood flow stagnates and thromboses form, or other raised lesion-like abnormalities appear. Based on histopathological characteristics, external hemorrhoids can be categorized into four main types: connective tissue-type, thrombotic-type, varicose-type, and inflammatory external hemorrhoids. Connective tissue-type external hemorrhoids primarily consist of hypertrophic protrusions of the anal margin skin tags, also known as skin tag external hemorrhoids. Varicose-type external hemorrhoids, also known as venous cluster-type external hemorrhoids, occur when the venous plexus below the dentate line expands and twists, forming venous clusters. Inflammatory external hemorrhoids are a condition where pre-existing skin tag external hemorrhoids develop inflammatory changes. Thrombotic-type external hemorrhoids are a type of anal disease that occurs due to bleeding from the hemorrhoidal veins or the formation of thromboses in the skin around the anus.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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How are thrombosed external hemorrhoids formed?

The formation of thrombosed external hemorrhoids is mainly related to local congestion pressure in the anal area and excessive filling of submucosal blood vessels, especially after the patient abstains from spicy and irritating food, excessive defecation, and excessive fatigue. This condition becomes more prominent. Once thrombosed external hemorrhoids form, they are generally accompanied by the formation of skin tags and internal hemorrhoids in the anal area, and the external hemorrhoids enclose a blood clot. When the blood clot becomes congested or swollen, the patient will experience significant pain or distension. Once thrombosed external hemorrhoids have formed, it is crucial to treat them early to avoid necrosis caused by prolonged and repeated congestion and edema. Treatment options include using local medications for hot compresses or application to alleviate symptoms, or performing surgery to excise and remove the blood clots.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao
Colorectal Surgery
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Can external hemorrhoids heal by themselves?

External hemorrhoids can be classified into cutaneous flap hemorrhoids, varicose vein hemorrhoids, thrombotic hemorrhoids, and inflammatory hemorrhoids. These are mostly caused by poor defecation habits of the patient, such as prolonged defecation time or excessive straining during bowel movements, which then lead to the growth of excess skin flaps, varicose veins, or rupture of venous blood vessels, resulting in various types of external hemorrhoids. Therefore, these types of hemorrhoids cannot heal on their own and require treatment with medication or surgery. For cutaneous flap hemorrhoids, if the patient does not experience significant discomfort, specific treatment is generally not necessary, just attention to hygiene around the anal area is needed. However, for inflammatory or thrombotic hemorrhoids, since they can cause anal pain and a feeling of prolapse, it is advisable to opt for surgical stripping of the hemorrhoids as soon as possible. Post-surgery, treatments such as anal washes, red oil gauze strips, and golden ointment should be used for dressing changes, while also maintaining cleanliness of the anal region.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao
Colorectal Surgery
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How to eliminate the flesh lump of external hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids mainly consist of varicose external hemorrhoids, inflammatory external hemorrhoids, and thrombotic external hemorrhoids. If the patient wants to completely remove them, in such cases, only external hemorrhoidectomy or external hemorrhoid stripping surgery can be performed. After the surgery, anal cleansers, red oil gauze strips, and golden ointment are used for dressing changes to promote wound healing. If the patient is unwilling to undergo surgery and opts for conservative treatment with medications alone, the external hemorrhoidal mass will not be completely eliminated but will only shrink slightly and improve clinical symptoms. To completely eliminate the external hemorrhoidal mass, surgical treatment is necessary. Moreover, after surgery, patients should develop good defecation habits, such as not spending too much time on defecation, not straining excessively, and performing more pelvic floor exercises after defecation to strengthen the anal sphincter muscles to help prevent recurrence of external hemorrhoids.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Thrombosed external hemorrhoid characteristics

Thrombosed external hemorrhoids are a clinical type of external hemorrhoids. The main characteristics of the hemorrhoid nucleus in thrombosed external hemorrhoids are that the hemorrhoid nucleus is stuck at the anus and cannot retract, accompanied by swelling and enlargement. As the hemorrhoid nucleus contains thrombosis, its color is mostly purplish red or dark red, and patients will experience severe local pain and a sensation of distension. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids generally belong to the acute phase of external hemorrhoids, often occurring when the stool is dry or the intestinal heat is severe. For the treatment of thrombosed external hemorrhoids, one can choose Chinese herbal solution for hot compresses to promote the absorption of the thrombus, or directly perform a surgical excision. (This answer is for reference only. For medication, please consult a professional physician and do not medicate blindly.)

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Colorectal Surgery
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Clinical Characteristics of External Hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids refer to hemorrhoids located below the dentate line, which are classified into four main types, each with distinct clinical manifestations. Connective tissue external hemorrhoids and varicose vein-type external hemorrhoids primarily present with a mild sensation of a foreign body in the anus. Inflammatory external hemorrhoids are characterized by redness, swelling, protrusion, burning, or itching of the anal skin or skin tags. Thrombosed external hemorrhoids often occur after intense exercise or straining during bowel movements, suddenly presenting as a round or oval lump under the skin at the edge of the anus. This lump contains a venous thrombus and is accompanied by anal pain.