Why do children get Kawasaki disease?

Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

Updated on September 06, 2024

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Kawasaki disease has an unclear pathogenesis. It is speculated that it may be related to infections by microorganisms or other pathogens, familial genetic susceptibility, or autoimmune functions. Currently, the entire medical history is unclear, and there is no specific epidemiology identified for the onset of the disease; it can occur in any of the four seasons. The disease primarily affects infants and young children, with about 80% of cases occurring in children under five years of age. The ratio of male to female incidence is approximately 1.5:1. Thus, Kawasaki disease is most commonly seen in infants and young children. Currently, there is no definitive explanation for the mechanism of the disease.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

1min 42sec

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Is Kawasaki disease scary?

Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a common pediatric autoimmune disease. The pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease remains unclear, and its etiology is also unknown, mainly focusing on immune reactions, genetic susceptibility, and theories of pathogenic microbial infections. Its primary pathological change is systemic vasculitis, most commonly affecting the coronary arteries. Most cases of Kawasaki disease have a good prognosis, with recurrences seen in 1% to 2% of patients. After effective treatment, complications involving coronary artery damage are less common. However, untreated patients develop coronary artery aneurysms in 15%-25% of cases. These aneurysms often resolve on their own within two years of the illness, but often leave behind complications such as thickened vessel walls and reduced elasticity. Large aneurysms are less likely to resolve completely and often lead to thrombosis or narrowing of the vessel lumen. Kawasaki disease is also one of the common causes of acquired heart disease in children. Thus, if Kawasaki disease is detected early, timely treatment is necessary to avoid cardiac sequelae. After effective treatment, the prognosis is generally good. However, if there are complications like coronary artery damage or other heart issues, it may affect the child's quality of life and even lifespan.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

1min 43sec

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How many days can Kawasaki disease be cured?

Kawasaki disease is a syndrome of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, the cause of which is unclear, as is the pathogenesis of the disease. The pathological changes are mainly systemic vasculitis, which is prone to secondary damage to the coronary arteries. It has a relatively long course. If fever occurs, the fever can persist for 1-2 weeks. Generally, special medications such as aspirin are required for treatment. Usually, treatment is for 3 days, and after the fever subsides, the dosage is gradually reduced, maintained for 6-8 weeks. If there is secondary coronary artery damage, the duration might be longer. In cases of severe coronary damage, the duration of the disease may be several months or even years, depending on the specific condition of the disease. Kawasaki disease is a self-limiting disease. Usually, if there is no significant coronary artery damage, after symptom control, comprehensive examinations are conducted 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1-2 years after discharge, mainly heart examinations such as electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. If there is a combination of coronary artery aneurysms, long-term follow-up is required, with an examination every six months to one year until the coronary aneurysm disappears or if there is combined damage to the coronary artery structure, long-term follow-up is needed.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang

Pediatrics

59sec

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Kawasaki disease sequelae

Kawasaki disease is an autoimmune vasculitis, and since it is vasculitis, it can originate from blood vessels in various parts, including the heart, liver, kidneys, brain, and more. However, it mainly arises from the coronary arteries of the heart. If Kawasaki disease is not effectively treated, some patients can develop coronary artery dilation and even coronary artery aneurysms. Once a coronary artery aneurysm occurs, its complication includes the risk of rupture and bleeding of the aneurysm, which can be difficult to treat if there is severe bleeding. If there is some coronary artery dilation, it can lead to the formation of coronary artery thrombosis, which is also a complication it can cause. However, the vast majority of Kawasaki disease cases, if treated effectively, can prevent coronary artery abnormalities. Therefore, as long as the treatment is timely, most cases will not have significant lasting effects.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

42sec

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How long to take aspirin for Kawasaki disease

The current pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease is not yet clear, but one of its main pathological changes is a systemic vasculitis. During an outbreak of Kawasaki disease, the blood viscosity increases primarily due to platelet aggregation. Typically, oral aspirin is administered to prevent this inflammation and to treat platelet aggregation. The dosage is generally reduced gradually once the fever subsides, with maintenance doses lasting about six to eight weeks. If coronary artery lesions are present, the duration of medication is extended until the coronary arteries return to normal before discontinuing the drug.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

1min

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Is it normal for Kawasaki disease to have a lower temperature?

The etiology of Kawasaki disease is currently unclear; its primary pathological feature is systemic vascular inflammation. Kawasaki disease typically presents with fever, high fevers ranging from 39 to 40 degrees Celsius. If a patient with Kawasaki disease has a lower temperature, it may indicate that the condition is quite severe. For example, children generally have weaker immune systems, or if they have a severe co-infection, hypothermia may occur. In this case, it is recommended that doctors perform further examinations and intensify treatment. Therefore, a lower temperature in Kawasaki disease is also abnormal. Normally, the body temperature should gradually return to the normal range, and both hypothermia and hyperthermia are definitely abnormal conditions.