Does rickets have a hereditary component?

Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
Updated on October 31, 2024
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Rickets, also known as vitamin D deficiency rickets, is primarily a chronic nutritional disease characterized by skeletal lesions, caused by insufficient vitamin D in infants, children, or adolescents, which leads to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The main feature of this disease is the incomplete calcification of the growth plates and bone tissue in the growing long bones, due to the lack of vitamin D causing incomplete calcification of mature bones. This disease is most common in children under two years old. Its causes may be related to insufficient intake of vitamin D or insufficient sunlight exposure, as well as rapid growth. Additionally, other diseases may influence its development. Therefore, this disease is generally not closely related to genetics.

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Can rickets be cured?

Rickets is a type of disease caused by a lack of vitamin D, leading to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, and resulting in abnormal bone development. The most common form of this disease is nutritional rickets caused by a deficiency of vitamin D. This type of rickets is curable as it is a self-limiting disease. Generally, timely supplementation of vitamin D and calcium, along with sufficient outdoor activities, can lead to recovery after treatment. However, there are some special cases, such as severe liver and kidney diseases, which require addressing the root cause before the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency can be alleviated. Additionally, there are some genetic diseases for which vitamin D supplementation is ineffective, making their treatment more challenging.

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Rickets are more commonly seen at a few months old.

Rickets often presents with square skull in babies older than 8 to 9 months. A normal baby’s skull is round and without angles. The square skull seen in rickets is due to a calcium deficiency in the bones, leading to poor development of cartilage and inability for bone deposition and calcification. This results in a large amount of osteoid deposition under the periosteum of the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones, thus forming angular shapes and a squared skull. Besides square skull, rickets can also manifest as various other skeletal abnormalities at different ages, including "ping pong ball" skull, funnel chest, pigeon chest, bracelet sign, rosary sign, X-shaped legs, and O-shaped legs.

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Rickets and osteoporosis are caused by a lack of what?

Rickets and osteoporosis are both caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium. Rickets is commonly seen in infants and can present with abnormalities in skeletal development such as "ping-pong ball head", signs of wrist and ankle bracelets, square skull, funnel chest, pigeon chest, X-shaped legs, and O-shaped legs. Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease caused by reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. It can be categorized according to its etiology into senile osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, idiopathic osteoporosis, and secondary osteoporosis. Clinically, it can manifest as fatigue, bone pain, and fractures.

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What should I do about the skull protrusion caused by rickets?

When children suffer from rickets with noticeable cranial protrusions and abnormal skeletal changes, it is crucial to timely supplement based on the specific needs of the child for trace elements like calcium, as well as vitamin D. Supplementation of vitamin D and trace elements such as calcium, combined with daily activities like sun exposure, are advisable. Additionally, integrating diet changes by consuming foods rich in calcium supports calcium and vitamin D absorption. Consequently, the cranial protrusions can gradually alleviate or disappear. As supplementation continues and the child ages, the shape of the skull may also change accordingly. In daily life, it is important to prevent skeletal abnormalities in children due to calcium and vitamin D deficiencies by making timely adjustments. (Note: The use of medications should be under the guidance of a professional doctor.)

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Symptoms of rickets in infants and young children

The symptoms of rickets in infants and young children mainly include excessive sweating, night terrors, thinning hair at the back of the head, rib cage flaring, pigeon chest, bow legs, and knock knees, among others. If a child exhibits the above symptoms, it is necessary to promptly test for trace elements and check bone density to see if the child has symptoms of calcium deficiency. If so, it is crucial to supplement the child with vitamin D and calcium. In terms of diet, it is necessary to enhance the child's nutrition and increase outdoor activities. Ensure that the child engages in outdoor activities for more than two hours each day, particularly between 12 PM and 2 PM. Avoid exposing the child to sunlight during this time to prevent sunburn, especially to the child's eyes.