What are the symptoms of Helicobacter pylori infection?

Written by Jiang Guo Ming
Gastroenterology
Updated on September 14, 2024
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Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen produced in the stomach or oral cavity. It cannot be said that Helicobacter pylori causes any specific symptoms, rather, it is the infection of Helicobacter pylori that leads to a series of diseases presenting symptoms. Some people infected with Helicobacter pylori may not show any symptoms at all. If related diseases occur, such as gastritis or ulcers, symptoms such as acid reflux, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting may appear. Additionally, some patients, like those with refractory iron deficiency anemia or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, may also have conditions associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.

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Written by Jiang Guo Ming
Gastroenterology
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Do normal people have Helicobacter pylori?

In my understanding, a “normal person” refers to individuals who do not experience any stomach discomfort. In our country, the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori is extremely high, with reports indicating that over 50% of adults are infected, albeit asymptomatically. Thus, it is certain that many so-called "normal people" are infected with Helicobacter pylori, also known as asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori carriers. This condition also requires antibacterial treatment because there is a close relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. Even for patients with chronic superficial gastritis, if Helicobacter pylori is present, eradication therapy is advocated. If not completely eradicated, it often leads to the development of chronic atrophic gastritis, which is a more serious condition.

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Written by Jiang Guo Ming
Gastroenterology
49sec home-news-image

What are the symptoms of Helicobacter pylori infection?

Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen produced in the stomach or oral cavity. It cannot be said that Helicobacter pylori causes any specific symptoms, rather, it is the infection of Helicobacter pylori that leads to a series of diseases presenting symptoms. Some people infected with Helicobacter pylori may not show any symptoms at all. If related diseases occur, such as gastritis or ulcers, symptoms such as acid reflux, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting may appear. Additionally, some patients, like those with refractory iron deficiency anemia or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, may also have conditions associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.

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Written by Wu Hai Wu
Gastroenterology
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Can treatment for Helicobacter pylori be stopped at any time?

During the treatment of Helicobacter pylori, it is not advisable to stop the medication arbitrarily, as doing so may lead to insufficient treatment duration and result in a failure to eradicate the bacteria. Therefore, it is recommended to use a bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for two weeks to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. The specific medications included in this two-week quadruple therapy are a proton pump inhibitor such as pantoprazole or lansoprazole, plus two antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole, combined with bismuth potassium citrate. The medication should be taken under medical supervision. Helicobacter pylori infection can be detected through a carbon-13 breath test or a carbon-14 breath test.

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Written by Wang Hui Jie
Gastroenterology
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Can gastroscopy detect Helicobacter pylori?

Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacterium, hence it is invisible to the naked eye. However, during a gastroscopy, the gastroenterologist can infer whether a patient is infected with Helicobacter pylori by observing the mucosal appearance under the endoscope. For example, signs such as the disappearance of damages in the tiny veins, nodular changes resembling chicken skin, scattered congested spots, and others. To confirm the presence of a Helicobacter pylori infection, further tests are required. For instance, during a gastroscopy, a rapid urease test can be conducted where a tissue sample from the stomach is tested - this method is quite convenient. Alternatively, a tissue sample can be sent for pathological examination, which might take longer.

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Written by Yang Chun Guang
Gastroenterology
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Can a gastroscopy detect Helicobacter pylori?

The examination with a gastroscope mainly focuses on checking for any damage to the mucous membranes of the stomach and esophagus. It can detect gastritis, gastric ulcers, or stomach cancer. For some patients who might have a tendency toward cancerous changes, a pathological examination can be conducted. However, testing for Helicobacter pylori with a gastroscope requires a separate lab test. Therefore, routine gastroscopic examinations generally do not include testing for Helicobacter pylori. If testing for Helicobacter pylori is needed, it is a separate examination item. Nowadays, since undergoing a gastroscopy can be quite uncomfortable and cause symptoms like nausea for some people, testing for Helicobacter pylori is accurately conducted using a breath test.