Why does pericardial effusion cause difficulty in breathing?

Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
Updated on September 01, 2024
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Pericardial effusion primarily manifests as palpitations, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. Sometimes, pericardial effusion can exacerbate heart failure. Once heart failure is alleviated, these symptoms can also subside.

Currently, it appears that pericardial effusion mainly presents as palpitations, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing, which are related to diet and fatigue, especially after exercise. This increase in myocardial oxygen consumption can lead to heart failure, resulting in difficulty breathing, particularly exertional dyspnea. At this point, it is necessary to provide low-flow oxygen inhalation and improve the patient's cardiopulmonary function, which is also helpful.

It is still necessary to actively treat pericardial effusion. The treatment mainly involves diagnostic aspiration of the fluid. If the pericardial effusion is caused by inflammation, it can be treated with antibiotics.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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Precautions for Anesthesia with Pericardial Effusion

If a patient has a history of pericardial effusion and is considering surgical treatment, it is necessary to evaluate the patient's cardiac function before anesthesia, while also monitoring changes in blood pressure and heart rate. A rapid heart rate can increase the risk. Another serious situation is when blood pressure is elevated. During this period, it is best to keep blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse within normal ranges. Further evaluation of cardiac function is also necessary during this time. Particularly dangerous is when there is stimulation of cardiac function with existing low cardiac function. It is best to consider correcting heart failure before contemplating anesthesia treatment, as this can minimize the risks.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Is pericardial effusion hereditary?

Pericardial effusion is not hereditary. Pericardial effusion is not a genetic disease, and the causes of pericardial effusion are often acquired factors. For example, tuberculosis infection can cause tuberculous pericarditis, leading to pericardial effusion. Symptoms often include unexplained low-grade fever, cough, and night sweats, with a PPD test often showing a rigid change. Pericardial effusion caused by heart failure often presents with repeated exertional dyspnea, accompanied by limb edema. Cardiac ultrasound often reveals changes in the heart structure, such as cardiac enlargement and reduced cardiac pumping function. Additionally, hypoalbuminemia and tumors can also cause pericardial effusion, but these factors are not related to genetics.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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Can pericardial effusion cause shortness of breath?

If the patient has pericardial effusion, this situation is very serious, as pericardial effusion can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. If the pericardial effusion is excessive, it can also cause heart failure in the patient. Sometimes, further pericardiocentesis may be needed to examine the fluid. In cases of pericardial effusion, it is important to assess the patient's condition, as mild pericardial effusion can cause shortness of breath. During treatment, the primary approach is usually to use anti-inflammatory medications or drugs that improve heart function. This can help alleviate symptoms. At the same time, it is important to monitor changes in the patient’s blood pressure and heart rate.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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Should fluid intake be controlled for pericardial effusion?

Whether pericardial effusion requires control of water intake depends on the cause of the pericardial effusion, as there are many reasons for it, such as heart failure, tuberculous pericarditis, tumors, and hypoproteinemia. Pericardial effusion caused by heart failure requires water intake restriction, as excessive drinking can aggravate the symptoms of heart failure. However, for pericardial effusion caused by tuberculosis or tumors, water intake does not significantly affect the pericardial effusion, so there is no need to deliberately control water consumption. Patients with pericardial effusion should quit smoking and avoid alcohol in their daily lives, as smoking and drinking can exacerbate the symptoms of pericardial effusion. Additionally, patients should not overexert themselves.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong
Cardiology
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What is the cause of pericardial effusion with persistent high fever?

If the patient presents with pericardial effusion and experiences elevated body temperature, it may indicate the presence of an infection, suggesting that the symptoms are worsening. Currently, the treatment for pericardial effusion primarily involves puncture, fluid extraction, and laboratory analysis. If the pericardial effusion is severe or abundant, fever may occur. Since fever is an indicator of inflammation, it is necessary to use antibiotics for active treatment in order to control this condition. If the body temperature continues to rise, sometimes it is also necessary to use antipyretic drugs to alleviate the symptoms. Persistent high fever indicates that the condition has become very serious, signaling that the infection indices are extremely severe.