Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and currently classified as a Class B infectious disease for management purposes. As an infectious disease, TB has a specific causative agent, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which includes four types: human, bovine, African, and rodent. Over 90% of human tuberculosis infections are caused by the human type of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the remainder caused by either bovine or African types. To contract tuberculosis, one must be exposed to an infectious source, primarily those with secondary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis patients can release the bacteria into the air through coughing, sneezing, laughing, or speaking loudly. Healthy individuals or the general population may then inhale these bacteria during breathing, leading to infection of the lungs and the development of tuberculosis.