How to treat leukopenia?

Written by Zhang Jun Jun
Endocrinology
Updated on September 02, 2024
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The treatment plan for leukopenia primarily depends on the cause of the decreased white blood cells. If the cause is related to blood cancer, further examinations like bone marrow biopsy are needed, followed by treatment of the primary disease. The second most common scenario is liver cirrhosis, which can lead to a decrease in all three blood cell lines, causing reduction in white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin. In such cases, treatment options may include splenectomy or the use of oral medications that increase white blood cell count. However, these treatments only address the symptoms and not the root cause, which is liver cirrhosis, thus the primary disease still requires treatment. The third scenario involves severe bacterial and viral infections, where a decrease in white blood cells indicates a serious condition, necessitating further antiviral or anti-infection treatments. (Please follow the guidance of a professional physician for medication use, and do not self-medicate.)

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Why does pneumonia cause a decrease in white blood cells?

When the severity of pneumonia is very severe, there can also be a decrease in white blood cells, which often suggests a higher possibility of severe pneumonia. Additionally, another scenario is viral pneumonia, where a decrease in white blood cells can also occur due to viral infections. Furthermore, there are special cases of infection, such as tuberculosis or infections caused by Mycoplasma or Chlamydia, where the use of anti-infection medications might also lead to a decrease in white blood cells. Another situation is when a patient inherently has a low white blood cell count, leading to weakened immunity and subsequently contracting pneumonia. In such cases, white blood cell counts might also not be high. Hence, severe bacterial pneumonia and decreases in white blood cells are relatively common in viral infections.

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What are the dangers of leukopenia?

Leukopenia is a relatively common hematological disease that can occur at any age. It is characterized by a persistent peripheral blood white blood cell count below 4×10^9/L. The onset of the disease is mostly slow, with mild symptoms. Common symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, and pharyngitis, making individuals more susceptible to pharyngitis or mucosal ulceration. Other symptoms include reduced appetite, limb soreness, insomnia, and frequent dreaming. Individuals with leukopenia are also more prone to viral and bacterial infections. Some infections can lead to severe symptoms such as high fever, chills, and body aches. However, if there is a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells, with the absolute neutrophil count dropping below 0.5×10^9/L, this condition is referred to as neutropenia. In such cases, symptoms may include chills, high fever, sore throat, headache, joint pain, and in severe cases, it can even lead to death.

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What are the symptoms of leukopenia?

Leukopenia is a common hematological disorder that can occur at any age. It is defined as leukopenia when the total number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood consistently falls below four times ten to the ninth power per liter. The onset of this disease is usually gradual with mild symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, low fever, prone to pharyngitis or mucosal ulcerations, and also includes loss of appetite, limb fatigue, insomnia with frequent dreams, and a cold stomach and backache. It makes one more susceptible to viral and bacterial infections such as colds. If leukopenia is caused by an infection, common symptoms include high fever, chills, and body aches. If the total number of white blood cells is significantly reduced, with an absolute neutrophil count below 0.5 times ten to the ninth power per liter, it is referred to as neutropenia. In such cases, the patient may experience chills, high fever, sore throat, headache, joint pain, and in severe cases, even coma and death.

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What are the causes of leukopenia?

When the white blood cell count in peripheral blood is below 4.0 times 10 to the ninth power per liter, it is termed leukopenia. According to the cause, it can be divided into the following three aspects: First, disturbance in the production of white blood cells, including reduced proliferation of stem cells or regeneration disorders. Second, excessive destruction of white blood cells, such as from infections or immunological factors, leading to increased destruction of white blood cells. Third, abnormal distribution of white blood cells, due to various reasons, causes an increase in white blood cells in the marginal pool and a decrease in the circulating pool, which can also lead to leukopenia.

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Is leukopenia severe?

The normal value of white blood cells in the human body is 4 to 10×10^9/L. White blood cells mainly consist of neutrophils and lymphocytes, along with some other types of eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes. If the total white blood cell count decreases, generally falling below 4 to 10×10^9/L, it is referred to as leukopenia. Among these, neutrophils are the most related to the body's immune response. If neutrophils decrease to less than 1.5×10^9/L, it is defined as neutropenia, which is very serious. If neutropenia occurs, the resistance to infections is greatly lowered, making the body highly susceptible to various infections. Active treatment to increase white blood cells is necessary; otherwise, any infection may lead to severe conditions like septicemia and septic shock, which can even be life-threatening.