What are the symptoms of leukopenia?

Written by Tang Zhuo
Endocrinology
Updated on September 23, 2024
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Leukopenia is a common hematological disorder that can occur at any age. It is defined as leukopenia when the total number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood consistently falls below four times ten to the ninth power per liter. The onset of this disease is usually gradual with mild symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, low fever, prone to pharyngitis or mucosal ulcerations, and also includes loss of appetite, limb fatigue, insomnia with frequent dreams, and a cold stomach and backache. It makes one more susceptible to viral and bacterial infections such as colds. If leukopenia is caused by an infection, common symptoms include high fever, chills, and body aches. If the total number of white blood cells is significantly reduced, with an absolute neutrophil count below 0.5 times ten to the ninth power per liter, it is referred to as neutropenia. In such cases, the patient may experience chills, high fever, sore throat, headache, joint pain, and in severe cases, even coma and death.

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Written by Zhang Jun Jun
Endocrinology
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What does a decrease in white blood cells mean?

Leukopenia indicates a decrease in the body's resistance. The most common causes of leukopenia are: First, viral infections, which often coincide with an increase in lymphocytes and a decrease in neutrophils. The second cause is severe bacterial infections. During severe bacterial infections, there is a significant reduction in white blood cells, which may even lead to a decrease in platelets. The third cause is primarily diseases of the hematologic system, where leukopenia is often accompanied by a reduction in other red blood cells and platelets. Other possible causes include drug-induced leukopenia, as medications can also lead to a decrease in white blood cells. Therefore, the primary approach to leukopenia is to clearly identify the cause, and then determine the next steps for treatment based on that cause.

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Written by Tang Zhuo
Endocrinology
1min 15sec home-news-image

What are the symptoms of leukopenia?

Leukopenia is a common hematological disorder that can occur at any age. It is defined as leukopenia when the total number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood consistently falls below four times ten to the ninth power per liter. The onset of this disease is usually gradual with mild symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, low fever, prone to pharyngitis or mucosal ulcerations, and also includes loss of appetite, limb fatigue, insomnia with frequent dreams, and a cold stomach and backache. It makes one more susceptible to viral and bacterial infections such as colds. If leukopenia is caused by an infection, common symptoms include high fever, chills, and body aches. If the total number of white blood cells is significantly reduced, with an absolute neutrophil count below 0.5 times ten to the ninth power per liter, it is referred to as neutropenia. In such cases, the patient may experience chills, high fever, sore throat, headache, joint pain, and in severe cases, even coma and death.

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Written by Tang Zhuo
Endocrinology
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What are the causes of leukopenia?

When the white blood cell count in peripheral blood is below 4.0 times 10 to the ninth power per liter, it is termed leukopenia. According to the cause, it can be divided into the following three aspects: First, disturbance in the production of white blood cells, including reduced proliferation of stem cells or regeneration disorders. Second, excessive destruction of white blood cells, such as from infections or immunological factors, leading to increased destruction of white blood cells. Third, abnormal distribution of white blood cells, due to various reasons, causes an increase in white blood cells in the marginal pool and a decrease in the circulating pool, which can also lead to leukopenia.

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Written by Zhang Xiao Le
Hematology
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Symptoms of leukopenia

The symptoms of leukopenia vary with the severity of the decrease in white blood cells and the disease causing the leukopenia. Mild leukopenia generally has no significant clinical manifestations. With moderate leukopenia, patients often experience symptoms of fatigue. If there is a significant decrease in white blood cells, patients often present with fever since white blood cells are the main cells in the body's defense against infections. A significant decrease in white blood cells markedly lowers the patient's resistance, thus making them more susceptible to various infections, with fever being the most common symptom of infection. Furthermore, the clinical presentations also vary with the underlying disease causing the decrease in white blood cells. For example, diseases like aplastic anemia or acute leukemia, which cause a decrease in white blood cells, may lead not only to fever but also to significant fatigue and bleeding manifestations.

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Written by Lin Xiang Dong
Endocrinology
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What medicine is used for leukopenia?

Leukopenia refers to a condition where the absolute count of white blood cells in peripheral blood persistently falls below 4.0×10^9/L, commonly known as leukopenia. There are many causes of leukopenia, which can generally be divided into two categories: defects in white blood cell production, and excessive destruction or consumption. Common causes include certain chemicals, radiation, cytotoxic drugs, some hematological diseases such as aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, as well as Vitamin B12 deficiency, and drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism. Additionally, viral infections can lead to excessive white blood cell consumption and result in leukopenia. Therefore, when leukopenia occurs, it is crucial to actively search for the underlying causes and treat the primary condition. Meanwhile, if the patient's white blood cell count is significantly reduced, drugs that increase white blood cells may be temporarily administered to elevate the patient's white blood cell count.