What tests are conducted for encephalitis?

Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

Updated on December 05, 2024

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First, it is generally necessary to conduct an EEG test. This test is very convenient and non-invasive for patients. If significant slow waves are detected, encephalitis cannot be ruled out.

Secondly, an MRI of the brain should be performed. If the viral encephalitis is severe, abnormal signals can be observed in areas such as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and hippocampus on the MRI, which are of great diagnostic reference value.

Thirdly, lumbar puncture is also very important. It allows for a direct observation of the color of the cerebrospinal fluid, to monitor the pressure of the brain fluid, and to test the cerebrospinal fluid for cell count, protein, sugar, and chloride levels. These tests are very important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of encephalitis.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 8sec

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Can encephalitis be cured?

Encephalitis is divided into many types. If it is a simple herpes virus encephalitis infection, this is a rather dangerous type of encephalitis. Before the advent of antiviral drugs, the mortality rate of this type of encephalitis was very high. Now, with improvements in diagnostic and treatment levels and the development of antiviral drugs, the prognosis for this type of encephalitis is generally quite good. As long as the initial condition is not particularly severe, the patient is not in a coma, or there is no obvious continuous epileptic state, the prognosis is still good, and many patients do not have any residual sequelae. However, if the initial condition is quite severe, there is usually some degree of cognitive impairment or weakness in the limbs. Other viral encephalitides, such as those caused by Coxsackie viruses and adenoviruses, tend to have milder symptoms, mainly fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. These types of encephalitis can mostly be cured with appropriate symptomatic treatment and antiviral therapy.

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Written by Tang Bo

Neurology

42sec

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How is a brain encephalitis puncture performed?

The encephalitis you mentioned is considered a central nervous system infection. In this case, a definitive diagnosis requires a lumbar puncture, which you referred to as a puncture. The lumbar puncture requires the patient to be in the lateral recumbent position, then the puncture is performed in the interspaces between L1-L3 or L4-L5 on the back to collect cerebrospinal fluid and conduct tests. This also allows for the examination of pathogens and pressure measurements. After the lumbar puncture, the patient needs to lie flat for six hours with a pillow removed to prevent headaches due to low cranial pressure.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 12sec

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How to check for encephalitis?

To check for encephalitis, the main aspects of examination include the following. First, a complete blood count is necessary, which helps to determine if there is an increase in white blood cells and to assess the proportion of various types of white blood cells; this is a basic test. The second examination is an electroencephalogram (EEG), if the EEG shows abnormalities, it may suggest a diagnosis of encephalitis. The third examination involves cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If the encephalitis is severe, the MRI can reveal lesions, which also suggests a diagnosis of encephalitis. The fourth examination is invasive, involving a lumbar puncture. This test allows for the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, assessing whether there is an increase in white blood cells and proteins in the fluid, which plays an important role in the diagnosis of encephalitis. In summary, diagnosing encephalitis necessitates a complete blood count, cranial MRI, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, and a comprehensive EEG examination.

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Written by Tang Li Li

Neurology

1min 5sec

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Can encephalitis recur?

Encephalitis comes in various types, some of which are prone to recurrence, while others are monophasic and do not recur. The most common type is viral encephalitis, particularly infections caused by the herpes simplex virus. Although recovery from viral encephalitis after antiviral treatment is possible, it may leave some sequelae, but generally does not recur. Tuberculous meningoencephalitis, however, has a higher rate of recurrence, often related to the resistance of tuberculosis bacteria and inadequate anti-tuberculosis treatment. Patients need repeated lumbar puncture tests to confirm that the cerebrospinal fluid has returned to normal levels and require long-term use of anti-tuberculosis medications. Bacterial meningitis generally does not recur. Additionally, there are some autoimmune types of encephalitis, such as autoimmune encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis optica, where recurrence is possible when involving the brain.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

53sec

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What tests are conducted for encephalitis?

First, it is generally necessary to conduct an EEG test. This test is very convenient and non-invasive for patients. If significant slow waves are detected, encephalitis cannot be ruled out. Secondly, an MRI of the brain should be performed. If the viral encephalitis is severe, abnormal signals can be observed in areas such as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and hippocampus on the MRI, which are of great diagnostic reference value. Thirdly, lumbar puncture is also very important. It allows for a direct observation of the color of the cerebrospinal fluid, to monitor the pressure of the brain fluid, and to test the cerebrospinal fluid for cell count, protein, sugar, and chloride levels. These tests are very important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of encephalitis.