How is encephalitis in children treated?

Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

Updated on September 03, 2024

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Encephalitis in children is generally treated based on the cause of the infection. It could be caused by viral infections, bacterial infections, or other pathogens. The most basic treatment is definitely to address the cause of the encephalitis. If there are other symptoms such as fever or seizures, symptomatic treatment should be administered based on these symptoms. The treatment plan should be tailored to the specific condition of the child.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

53sec

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Is encephalitis hereditary?

Encephalitis is mostly caused by viral infections. For instance, Epidemic B encephalitis is caused by the B encephalitis virus, and herpes simplex encephalitis is caused by the herpes simplex virus. Therefore, encephalitis is not related to genetic mutations and is not hereditary, so there is no need for special concern. It is important to note that some cases of encephalitis are not directly related to viral infections and may be related to autoimmune responses. For example, autoimmune encephalitis can occur in patients experiencing immune system disorder, which may be accompanied by some tumors. A disordered immune system can produce antibodies that attack one's own brain tissue, leading to autoimmune encephalitis. This type of encephalitis also has no genetic tendencies.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

46sec

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Is encephalitis serious?

The severity of encephalitis varies greatly among individuals. Some mild cases of encephalitis, even with some degree of self-healing, do not require special treatment. For example, encephalitis caused by some enteroviruses and respiratory viruses has a very good recovery, and it is only necessary to prevent complications. However, some types of encephalitis are very dangerous and can even threaten the life of the patient. For instance, herpes simplex virus encephalitis can cause necrosis of the cerebral cortex, leading to high fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and even epileptic seizures, psychiatric symptoms, and a significant increase in intracranial pressure, requiring urgent treatment.

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Written by Tang Bo

Neurology

42sec

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How is a brain encephalitis puncture performed?

The encephalitis you mentioned is considered a central nervous system infection. In this case, a definitive diagnosis requires a lumbar puncture, which you referred to as a puncture. The lumbar puncture requires the patient to be in the lateral recumbent position, then the puncture is performed in the interspaces between L1-L3 or L4-L5 on the back to collect cerebrospinal fluid and conduct tests. This also allows for the examination of pathogens and pressure measurements. After the lumbar puncture, the patient needs to lie flat for six hours with a pillow removed to prevent headaches due to low cranial pressure.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

58sec

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How to prevent encephalitis

Most cases of encephalitis are transmitted through close contact, such as children playing with toys together. It is possible for them to ingest viruses through their hands, which then enter the bloodstream from the stomach and attack the brain. Some cases of encephalitis are also transmitted through the respiratory tract, mainly through droplets. Therefore, in order to prevent encephalitis, it is crucial to maintain hand hygiene, wash hands frequently, and avoid crowded places to prevent respiratory transmission. In addition, to prevent encephalitis, it is important to improve one's physical condition and exercise regularly, as a strong body is less susceptible to viral infections. Finally, it is essential to ensure adequate nutrition for encephalitis prevention, including sufficient daily intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber, as well as vitamins C and folate, which are crucial for enhancing the body's resistance.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 8sec

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Can encephalitis be cured?

Encephalitis is divided into many types. If it is a simple herpes virus encephalitis infection, this is a rather dangerous type of encephalitis. Before the advent of antiviral drugs, the mortality rate of this type of encephalitis was very high. Now, with improvements in diagnostic and treatment levels and the development of antiviral drugs, the prognosis for this type of encephalitis is generally quite good. As long as the initial condition is not particularly severe, the patient is not in a coma, or there is no obvious continuous epileptic state, the prognosis is still good, and many patients do not have any residual sequelae. However, if the initial condition is quite severe, there is usually some degree of cognitive impairment or weakness in the limbs. Other viral encephalitides, such as those caused by Coxsackie viruses and adenoviruses, tend to have milder symptoms, mainly fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. These types of encephalitis can mostly be cured with appropriate symptomatic treatment and antiviral therapy.