How to prevent encephalitis

Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
Updated on February 13, 2025
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Most cases of encephalitis are transmitted through close contact, such as children playing with toys together. It is possible for them to ingest viruses through their hands, which then enter the bloodstream from the stomach and attack the brain. Some cases of encephalitis are also transmitted through the respiratory tract, mainly through droplets.

Therefore, in order to prevent encephalitis, it is crucial to maintain hand hygiene, wash hands frequently, and avoid crowded places to prevent respiratory transmission. In addition, to prevent encephalitis, it is important to improve one's physical condition and exercise regularly, as a strong body is less susceptible to viral infections. Finally, it is essential to ensure adequate nutrition for encephalitis prevention, including sufficient daily intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber, as well as vitamins C and folate, which are crucial for enhancing the body's resistance.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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How to check for encephalitis?

To check for encephalitis, the main aspects of examination include the following. First, a complete blood count is necessary, which helps to determine if there is an increase in white blood cells and to assess the proportion of various types of white blood cells; this is a basic test. The second examination is an electroencephalogram (EEG), if the EEG shows abnormalities, it may suggest a diagnosis of encephalitis. The third examination involves cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If the encephalitis is severe, the MRI can reveal lesions, which also suggests a diagnosis of encephalitis. The fourth examination is invasive, involving a lumbar puncture. This test allows for the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, assessing whether there is an increase in white blood cells and proteins in the fluid, which plays an important role in the diagnosis of encephalitis. In summary, diagnosing encephalitis necessitates a complete blood count, cranial MRI, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, and a comprehensive EEG examination.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Is encephalitis hereditary?

Encephalitis is mostly caused by viral infections. For instance, Epidemic B encephalitis is caused by the B encephalitis virus, and herpes simplex encephalitis is caused by the herpes simplex virus. Therefore, encephalitis is not related to genetic mutations and is not hereditary, so there is no need for special concern. It is important to note that some cases of encephalitis are not directly related to viral infections and may be related to autoimmune responses. For example, autoimmune encephalitis can occur in patients experiencing immune system disorder, which may be accompanied by some tumors. A disordered immune system can produce antibodies that attack one's own brain tissue, leading to autoimmune encephalitis. This type of encephalitis also has no genetic tendencies.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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How is encephalitis in children treated?

Encephalitis in children is generally treated based on the cause of the infection. It could be caused by viral infections, bacterial infections, or other pathogens. The most basic treatment is definitely to address the cause of the encephalitis. If there are other symptoms such as fever or seizures, symptomatic treatment should be administered based on these symptoms. The treatment plan should be tailored to the specific condition of the child.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Pediatric Encephalitis Examination Items

Encephalitis in children is primarily due to a lowered immune resistance, which leads to infection by certain viruses. These viruses invade the nervous system, causing damage to neurons, resulting in symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Generally, the main tests for pediatric encephalitis include hematological tests related to bleeding, primarily involving routine blood tests, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. These indices can reflect the inflammatory conditions inside the patient's body, helping to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections. Another very important auxiliary examination is the electroencephalogram (EEG), where pediatric encephalitis can show mild to moderate abnormalities, which is helpful for accurate diagnosis. The third examination involves performing a lumbar puncture to test the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the levels of white cells, glucose, and chloride, which are crucial for diagnosing encephalitis and differentiating it from other types of encephalitis.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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What to do with pediatric encephalitis

If a child develops encephalitis, it is definitely recommended that they be hospitalized for treatment. It is necessary to assess their condition and determine the cause of the encephalitis: is it viral? Bacterial? Or caused by other pathogens? If encephalitis occurs, aggressive treatment is certainly required. In such cases, if the child is discharged from the hospital, they must regularly revisit the hospital for follow-up examinations, and the development of the child's nervous system must be monitored, focusing on motor and cognitive development. Regular assessments at the hospital are definitely required.