Is funnel chest common?

Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Updated on July 04, 2025
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Is pectus excavatum common? In fact, pectus excavatum is a very common type of chest deformity, accounting for over 90% of all anterior chest wall deformities. Additionally, the incidence rate of pectus excavatum is quite high; some statistics indicate a rate of one in four hundred people, while others say it's one in a thousand. This means that at least one in a thousand people has pectus excavatum, or even one in four hundred. The reason we might think that the incidence of pectus excavatum is not very high is because those affected typically do not voluntarily lift their shirts to show their condition to friends. However, if they go to the hospital wanting to address their condition, they will reveal their pectus excavatum to the doctor. Moreover, if not corrected, pectus excavatum tends to become more noticeable with age, particularly during the growth spurts of adolescence. Thus, pectus excavatum is actually a very common condition.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Is funnel chest common?

Is pectus excavatum common? In fact, pectus excavatum is a very common type of chest deformity, accounting for over 90% of all anterior chest wall deformities. Additionally, the incidence rate of pectus excavatum is quite high; some statistics indicate a rate of one in four hundred people, while others say it's one in a thousand. This means that at least one in a thousand people has pectus excavatum, or even one in four hundred. The reason we might think that the incidence of pectus excavatum is not very high is because those affected typically do not voluntarily lift their shirts to show their condition to friends. However, if they go to the hospital wanting to address their condition, they will reveal their pectus excavatum to the doctor. Moreover, if not corrected, pectus excavatum tends to become more noticeable with age, particularly during the growth spurts of adolescence. Thus, pectus excavatum is actually a very common condition.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Causes of Pectus Excavatum

Although current medicine has developed to the molecular and genetic levels, the true causes of many modern diseases are still not completely clear, which includes pectus excavatum. There have been medical cases indicating that scientists have never ceased to explore the causes of pectus excavatum. It was once believed by early medical scientists that pectus excavatum might be caused by the inward and backward pulling of the sternum by the diaphragm. Therefore, for a period, the treatment for pectus excavatum involved releasing adhesions of the diaphragm, but this method was later found to be ineffective for children and was abandoned. Subsequently, it was discovered that pectus excavatum is somewhat related to the genetics of many families, such as those with Marfan syndrome (an autosomal dominant hereditary connective tissue disorder) and Noonan syndrome (a genetic disorder caused by mutations). However, no definitive pathogenic genes have been identified in families with sporadic cases of pectus excavatum. In summary, pectus excavatum is currently believed to be possibly caused by factors such as the development of rib cartilage on both sides, genetics, and other acquired conditions, like underdeveloped laryngeal cartilage or post-surgical factors from congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. Overall, the causes of pectus excavatum are still actively being explored by medical scientists.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Pectus excavatum causes

The etiology of pectus excavatum is not fully clear yet, but it has been found that the incidence of pectus excavatum greatly increases among patients with connective tissue diseases, possibly related to the disruption of the balance between growth genes and inhibitory genes affecting the cartilage on both sides of pectus excavatum. Moreover, it is also found that the complication of pectus excavatum significantly increases among patients with Marfan syndrome (also a type of connective tissue disease) and Noonan syndrome. In children with congenital airway stenosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the incidence of pectus excavatum also significantly increases. This suggests that the causes of pectus excavatum are directly or indirectly related to genetics and heredity, and regardless, the causes of pectus excavatum, both acquired and congenital, are directly related to genes and heredity.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Pectus excavatum should go to which department?

Regarding the registration of patients or children with pectus excavatum, if it is for children and the consultation is only about the hereditary aspect of pectus excavatum or its etiology, consider registering at the pediatrics or child health department. It is also feasible to consult the genetics department. If the consultation is about treatment options for pectus excavatum, including methods of treatment, consider registering at the thoracic surgery department. Thoracic surgery can provide advice and methods for the treatment of pectus excavatum, including both surgical and non-surgical options. Of course, not all hospitals have a thoracic surgery department; generally, municipal third-level, first-class hospitals are equipped with thoracic surgery departments. If there is no thoracic surgery available, consider registering under the general surgery department.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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What should be noted for pectus excavatum in daily life?

The biggest difference between children with pectus excavatum and normal children lies in the middle chest bone structure sinking backwards and inward toward the spine, creating a deformity where the front chest and the back compress each other. Naturally, this completely compresses the normal position of the heart and lungs. Therefore, the heart of such children is compressed and deformed, pushing the entire heart to one side. We have encountered clinically cases where there are just a few millimeters of space between the sternum and the spine, leaving no room for the heart, thus completely compressing and pushing it to the left side. Imagine a heart, completely compressed and deformed, where the valves inside cannot function normally. Hence, some children may exhibit insufficiencies in their tricuspid and mitral valves. Therefore, in children with pectus excavatum, their heart is under pressure, their valves deformed, leading to poor cardiac function, and their lung function is also compromised. Since the lungs also need space to expand, lungs that are completely compressed cannot fully relax, resulting in such children having poor cardiac and lung functions, reduced exercise endurance, and since the lungs cannot fully expand, such children are prone to catching colds. Thus, for children with pectus excavatum, it is important to avoid catching colds. Moreover, treating the root cause of the condition, which is pectus excavatum itself, is crucial. Therefore, correcting pectus excavatum early on is essential.