Can funnel chest recover by supplementing with calcium?

Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Updated on April 08, 2025
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There was a time when many parents consulted about calcium supplementation for pectus excavatum, not only many parents but also many doctors in primary hospitals thought that pectus excavatum was caused by a lack of calcium. However, it was found that many children with pectus excavatum are actually very tall and slender. So, can these tall children also be lacking calcium?

In fact, calcium deficiency leads to rickets, where beading deformities form between the hard bones and cartilage of the ribs, appearing on both sides. This beading deformation and the inward, backward indentation of the sternum seen in pectus excavatum are completely different conditions. Pectus excavatum is mostly caused by congenital genetic factors, while calcium deficiency or supplementation relates to an acquired condition. Thus, these congenital and acquired diseases are unrelated, meaning that calcium supplementation has no restorative effect on pectus excavatum.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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What should be noted for pectus excavatum in daily life?

The biggest difference between children with pectus excavatum and normal children lies in the middle chest bone structure sinking backwards and inward toward the spine, creating a deformity where the front chest and the back compress each other. Naturally, this completely compresses the normal position of the heart and lungs. Therefore, the heart of such children is compressed and deformed, pushing the entire heart to one side. We have encountered clinically cases where there are just a few millimeters of space between the sternum and the spine, leaving no room for the heart, thus completely compressing and pushing it to the left side. Imagine a heart, completely compressed and deformed, where the valves inside cannot function normally. Hence, some children may exhibit insufficiencies in their tricuspid and mitral valves. Therefore, in children with pectus excavatum, their heart is under pressure, their valves deformed, leading to poor cardiac function, and their lung function is also compromised. Since the lungs also need space to expand, lungs that are completely compressed cannot fully relax, resulting in such children having poor cardiac and lung functions, reduced exercise endurance, and since the lungs cannot fully expand, such children are prone to catching colds. Thus, for children with pectus excavatum, it is important to avoid catching colds. Moreover, treating the root cause of the condition, which is pectus excavatum itself, is crucial. Therefore, correcting pectus excavatum early on is essential.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Is pectus excavatum hereditary?

Is pectus excavatum hereditary? According to modern genetic medicine, actually, about 80% of diseases are related to genetics to some extent, and pectus excavatum is no exception. Normally, pectus excavatum occurs in about one in 400 to 1000 people, with a higher prevalence in males. Research has also found that pectus excavatum is often seen in several genetic disorders, including Noonan syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Marfan syndrome. This indicates that it shares certain genes with these genetic disorders, such as the fibrillin-1 gene and others in the RAS/MAPK pathway. These genetic correlations may not always be evident, for example, the parents may not have pectus excavatum themselves. However, when parents with these recessive genes reproduce, their combination might result in pectus excavatum in their child. The development of pectus excavatum might be related to abnormal asymmetrical development of the cartilage. Thus, there is indeed a certain correlation between pectus excavatum and genetic factors.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Pectus excavatum heart hazards

Pectus excavatum can harm the patient's or child's heart, primarily manifesting in compression of the heart and affecting the function of the internal heart valves. Imagine a normal person's rib cage, which is oval in cross-section. There is a certain ratio between the lateral diameter and the anterior-posterior diameter, with normal individuals having a ratio of less than 2.5. However, in patients with pectus excavatum, this anterior-posterior diameter is significantly compressed, meaning the sternum moves closer to the spine, compressing inward and backward, squeezing the heart - this is the first step. The heart itself is a contractile muscular organ, its purpose being to eject blood and circulate it throughout the body. If the sternum and spine directly compress the heart, preventing it from fully expanding, then blood cannot fully flow back into the heart, and thus the ejection or pumping function of the heart will be impacted. Secondly, besides the heart being compressed, just like a house becoming deformed from being squeezed, the doors within the house cannot function properly; they cannot close or open well. Thus, pectus excavatum not only compresses the heart itself but also severely harms the function of the heart valves, even causing mitral valve prolapse in some patients.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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How to exercise to correct pectus excavatum

Pectus excavatum refers to the inward and backward indentation of the sternum, a deformity that can compress the patient's heart and lungs. To exercise for pectus excavatum, patients are advised to practice deep breathing exercises to enhance lung function, as well as engage in appropriate running and routine physical activities to strengthen heart function. However, in cases of severe pectus excavatum which severely compresses the heart, even pushing it entirely to the left side, patients may not be able to tolerate running and other intense activities. Therefore, it is quite difficult to completely correct pectus excavatum through exercise alone. Some parents might think that doing push-ups can correct pectus excavatum, but push-ups make the pectoral muscles on both sides stronger, and since these muscles pull outward, the force is not directed in the same way as the inward and backward indentation of pectus excavatum. Furthermore, continuously training the pectoral muscles causes them to develop, and the resultant thickening of the muscles on both sides can exacerbate the inward and backward indentation of the sternum in the middle. Thus, after appropriate cardiovascular and pulmonary exercises, those with severe pectus excavatum should still consult a doctor for active advice and consider surgical treatment options.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Does pectus excavatum hurt?

The sternum of pectus excavatum caves inward and backward, directly compressing the patient's heart or lungs, causing a certain degree of chest pain. This chest pain is not caused by pectus excavatum itself, but by the compression of the heart or lungs due to pectus excavatum. Imagine a normal ribcage as an oval shape; its cross-section is also oval and is a ratio of the patient's left-right diameter, transverse diameter, and anterior-posterior diameter. In normal individuals, this ratio is less than 2.5. In pectus excavatum, since the anterior-posterior diameter is significantly reduced and the sternum is markedly pressed towards the spine, the patient's heart is entirely compressed and deformed. Therefore, the patient's coronary arteries or valves may be squeezed and deformed, resulting in about 60% of pectus excavatum patients experiencing chest pain.