Does diabetic nephropathy hurt?

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 17, 2024
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Diabetic nephropathy generally does not cause painful symptoms.

Diabetic nephropathy refers to the kidney damage that results from long-term diabetes, caused by factors such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and an increase in advanced glycation end products.

In the early stages, patients may experience an increase in kidney size and an increased glomerular filtration rate. As the condition progresses, proteinuria may occur, and it could eventually lead to severe renal failure. Throughout this process, patients typically do not experience pain because the kidneys do not have nerve innervation and therefore do not feel pain. Thus, including diabetic nephropathy, various kidney diseases and nephritis generally do not manifest with pain.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Does diabetic nephropathy hurt?

Diabetic nephropathy generally does not cause painful symptoms. Diabetic nephropathy refers to the kidney damage that results from long-term diabetes, caused by factors such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and an increase in advanced glycation end products. In the early stages, patients may experience an increase in kidney size and an increased glomerular filtration rate. As the condition progresses, proteinuria may occur, and it could eventually lead to severe renal failure. Throughout this process, patients typically do not experience pain because the kidneys do not have nerve innervation and therefore do not feel pain. Thus, including diabetic nephropathy, various kidney diseases and nephritis generally do not manifest with pain.

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Written by Hu Lin
Nephrology
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How to prevent and treat diabetic nephropathy

The prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy include the following 6 aspects: The first is changing lifestyle, including controlling weight, diabetic diet, quitting smoking, quitting alcohol, and appropriate exercise. Changing lifestyle is the foundation of blood sugar control and a key to improving various metabolic disorders. The second is blood sugar control. Strict blood sugar control is the most important means to prevent the occurrence and development of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Under normal kidney function, it is recommended to keep glycated hemoglobin below 6.2%. For patients with abnormal kidney function or elderly patients, it can be relaxed to 7%. The third is to reduce blood pressure and proteinuria. The most commonly used medications are ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Once diabetic microalbuminuria appears, blood pressure should be controlled below 130/80 mmHg. The fourth is to restrict the intake of dietary protein, with a focus on animal protein, i.e., high-quality protein. Early stage protein intake should be controlled at 0.8-1g/kg; for patients who have developed renal failure, controlling protein intake at 0.6-0.8g/kg is more appropriate. The fifth involves controlling other factors, including a low-salt diet and treating hyperlipidemia. The sixth is the treatment of end-stage diabetic nephropathy. Since diabetic nephropathy patients frequently have cardiovascular complications and symptoms of uremia appear earlier, it is appropriate to start dialysis treatment early. (Please take medications under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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Which department to see for diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease caused by diabetes. The main clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy usually include varying degrees of increased urine protein. Severe cases may also present with lower limb edema and reduced kidney function. As for which department to consult for diabetic nephropathy, it depends on the severity of the condition. In the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, if there is only a slight increase in urine protein and the chronic kidney disease is at stage one or two, patients can choose to see a specialist in the endocrinology department for diabetic nephropathy. Once the condition of diabetic nephropathy worsens, progressing to stage three or above of chronic kidney disease, and the patient also has significant increases in urine protein, decline in kidney function, and the onset of anemia, it is advisable to seek treatment in a nephrology department.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Can diabetic nephropathy undergo kidney transplantation?

Diabetic nephropathy has now become the leading cause of uremia in China, accounting for the largest proportion. In the 1980s and 1990s, chronic nephritis was the most common cause of uremia in China. Over the past decade, diabetic nephropathy has gradually surpassed chronic nephritis and become the leading condition. This condition requires dialysis or a kidney transplant when it progresses to uremia. Patients with diabetic nephropathy in a uremic state can undergo a kidney transplant. After the transplant, these patients still need to use medications to control their blood sugar and blood pressure, to prevent high blood sugar and high blood pressure from further damaging the new kidney. Of course, if conditions allow, performing a combined kidney and pancreas transplant might yield better results.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Treatment of Anemia in Diabetic Nephropathy

Compared to primary chronic nephritis, patients with diabetic nephropathy develop anemia earlier and more severely. The treatment for this type of anemia is divided into two aspects. Firstly, since it is anemia caused by renal lesions leading to a lack of erythropoietin, it is necessary to supplement erythropoietin, as well as iron and folic acid, which are raw materials for blood production, for the anemia caused by diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, patients with diabetic nephropathy are prone to malnutrition and should enhance nutritional support, especially by increasing the intake of high-quality animal protein.