Causes of vomiting in nephrotic syndrome

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on March 15, 2025
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Patients with nephrotic syndrome may experience vomiting for several possible reasons. First, nephrotic syndrome causes severe edema in patients, including edema of the gastrointestinal tract. This state of edema may lead to reduced gastrointestinal motility and symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Furthermore, patients with nephrotic syndrome have low plasma protein levels and poor immune function, making them prone to infections. If there is an infection in the gastrointestinal tract, patients may exhibit clinical symptoms of vomiting as well as potentially experiencing diarrhea, abdominal pain, and so on. Additionally, some patients experience vomiting due to the side effects of medications used during the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Does nephrotic syndrome cause itchy skin?

Nephrotic syndrome generally does not cause itchy skin in patients. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, the glomerular filtration barrier is severely damaged, leading to a significant presence of urinary protein and edema, but itchy skin is a rare clinical symptom. If a patient experiences itchy skin, it is recommended to visit the dermatology department of a standard hospital. As such patients may have a disordered immune system, they are prone to various skin issues, such as allergic dermatitis and eczema, which might cause symptoms of itchy skin. However, these are not directly related to nephrotic syndrome.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Nephrology
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How should you eat with nephrotic syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by urine protein greater than 3.5 grams, serum albumin less than 30, the presence of edema, and hyperlipidemia. Patients matching these criteria can be diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. From its diagnosis, we can see that such patients have a high amount of urine protein and relatively low blood protein. For these patients, it is necessary to control their protein intake, generally suitable at 0.6-0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. Due to hypoalbuminemia, as the liver synthesizes protein, it also leads to an increase in blood lipids. Therefore, patients with nephrotic syndrome need to follow a low-fat diet to avoid further elevation of blood lipids. Additionally, as patients with nephrotic syndrome generally have edema, it is necessary to restrict sodium intake to prevent sodium and water retention, further aggravating the edema.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Does nephrotic syndrome easily lead to cerebral infarction?

Nephrotic syndrome is a high-risk factor for cerebral infarction, making patients prone to strokes. This is because patients with nephrotic syndrome excrete large amounts of protein in their urine, which reduces protein concentration in the plasma and disrupts the anticoagulant fibrinolysis system, leading to an increased tendency to form blood clots. These clots are prone to develop in the veins of the lower extremities and the renal veins, and cerebral arteries in the skull are also susceptible to occlusion. Therefore, in such patients, if the plasma albumin level is very low, such as below 20 grams per liter, there is a need for routine use of anticoagulant medications.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Causes of vomiting in nephrotic syndrome

Patients with nephrotic syndrome may experience vomiting for several possible reasons. First, nephrotic syndrome causes severe edema in patients, including edema of the gastrointestinal tract. This state of edema may lead to reduced gastrointestinal motility and symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Furthermore, patients with nephrotic syndrome have low plasma protein levels and poor immune function, making them prone to infections. If there is an infection in the gastrointestinal tract, patients may exhibit clinical symptoms of vomiting as well as potentially experiencing diarrhea, abdominal pain, and so on. Additionally, some patients experience vomiting due to the side effects of medications used during the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
53sec home-news-image

Nephrotic syndrome urine output

Patients with nephrotic syndrome vary in the amount of urine they produce. Some patients have normal urine output and may not exhibit obvious symptoms of edema, but others may have reduced urine output, which can even lead to acute renal failure. Nephrotic syndrome emphasizes that the glomerular filtration barrier is damaged, resulting in a large amount of urinary protein, with a 24-hour urinary protein quantitative exceeding 3.5 grams. This situation highlights the decreased ability of the filtration barrier to retain proteins in the blood, meaning the integrity of the filtration barrier is compromised. However, the kidney's ability to excrete water and metabolic waste is not indicated by the term "nephrotic syndrome" itself, thus the patient's urine output can vary.