Causes of hydronephrosis

Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

Updated on September 09, 2024

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The so-called hydronephrosis often occurs because there is some factor in the patient's kidney or ureter that prevents the urine from being excreted smoothly, causing fluid accumulation and dilation in the renal pelvis, renal calyx, and ureter. The causes of this obstruction are often mechanical, such as urinary system stones, tumors, urinary tract deformities, or compression of the ureter caused by enlargement or tumors in nearby organs of the urinary system. In a few cases, it may also be related to a decline in the function of the ureter itself, such as a neurogenic bladder, ureteral reflux, or decreased ureteral motility.

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Written by Chen Feng

Urology

54sec

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What foods can be eaten with hydronephrosis?

Patients with hydronephrosis should pay attention to a light diet, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, avoid spicy and stimulating foods, and consume less high-salt foods, while also abstaining from alcohol. Besides controlling their diet, patients with hydronephrosis should also actively search for the underlying causes of the condition. Common causes of hydronephrosis in clinical practice include urinary tract stones or prostate hyperplasia, mainly due to obstructions in the ureter or urethra, preventing the urine produced by the kidneys from being excreted, which then leads to hydronephrosis. Once the cause of the urinary obstruction is identified, it is necessary to actively treat the underlying cause to restore the patency of the urinary tract. After the condition improves, it is also important to drink more water and urinate frequently to maintain health.

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Written by Chen Feng

Urology

1min 2sec

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Is hydronephrosis prone to recurrence?

Whether hydronephrosis is prone to recurrence depends on the cause of the hydronephrosis. Common causes of hydronephrosis in clinical practice are as follows: First, urinary tract stones. When a stone is lodged in the ureter or urethra, it can cause urinary obstruction. The urine produced by the kidneys cannot be expelled in time, leading to hydronephrosis. If the stones in the urinary system can be completely removed, it generally does not recur easily. However, if there are still quite a few stones in the kidney or bladder after clearing the urinary tract, it is more likely to recur, because the stones might move down, get lodged in the ureter or urethra again, and cause hydronephrosis. Second, prostate enlargement. Hydronephrosis caused by prostate enlargement is generally more likely to recur because the prostate continues to grow in size. Even if the enlarged prostate is surgically removed, it still might lead to urethral stricture, thereby causing hydronephrosis again.

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Written by Pan Wu Shan

Nephrology

1min 5sec

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What is the best treatment for hydronephrosis?

The most common cause of hydronephrosis is due to kidney stones or ureteral stones blocking the urethra, leading to poor drainage of urine from the kidneys. Generally, if hydronephrosis occurs, the first step is to check the renal ultrasound and, if necessary, undergo cystography to determine the cause of the hydronephrosis. If it is confirmed to be stones, it is important to check the size of the stones. If the stone is smaller than five millimeters, you can drink more water, exceeding 3000 milliliters per day. This can help flush the stones out through the urine by being more active and jumping around. If the stone is relatively large, it may require extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopic stone removal. Generally, for hydronephrosis, it is still recommended to drink plenty of water and eat a light diet, avoiding spicy and irritating foods.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

1min 7sec

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What department should I go to for hydronephrosis?

Hydronephrosis refers to the accumulation of urine in parts such as the renal pelvis and calyces due to some reason causing the urinary system to not smoothly excrete urine. After the kidneys produce urine, it cannot be excreted smoothly, leading to the accumulation called hydronephrosis. Generally, it is necessary to visit the urology department, as the most common causes of hydronephrosis are stones or tumors in the urinary system and prostatic hyperplasia, among other issues, all of which require urological treatment. In most cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve the obstruction and resolve the hydronephrosis. However, there are also a small number of patients who may have hydronephrosis due to other reasons, such as cervical cancer or colorectal cancer patients, where enlarged tumors may compress the ureter leading to hydronephrosis. Patients with cervical cancer need to undergo surgical treatment in gynecology, while those with colorectal cancer may need treatment in general surgery.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

55sec

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What should I do if I have hydronephrosis and atrophy?

Hydronephrosis leading to kidney shrinkage indicates that the condition has persisted for a long time. Long-term hydronephrosis places significant pressure on the kidneys, which in turn compresses the kidney tissues causing tissue shrinkage. The destruction and shrinkage of tissues result in the kidneys' inability to function properly, leading to azotemia. Patients will experience chronic kidney failure, a situation that is difficult to reverse. Even if surgery is performed to relieve the obstruction and allow urine to be excreted, the damaged kidney tissue cannot regenerate. Therefore, it is still necessary to relieve the obstruction as soon as possible to avoid further damage to the remaining kidney tissue. For patients who have progressed to uremia, it may be necessary to consider hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or undertake a kidney transplant to sustain life.