Hydronephrosis leading to kidney shrinkage indicates that the condition has persisted for a long time. Long-term hydronephrosis places significant pressure on the kidneys, which in turn compresses the kidney tissues causing tissue shrinkage. The destruction and shrinkage of tissues result in the kidneys' inability to function properly, leading to azotemia. Patients will experience chronic kidney failure, a situation that is difficult to reverse. Even if surgery is performed to relieve the obstruction and allow urine to be excreted, the damaged kidney tissue cannot regenerate. Therefore, it is still necessary to relieve the obstruction as soon as possible to avoid further damage to the remaining kidney tissue. For patients who have progressed to uremia, it may be necessary to consider hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or undertake a kidney transplant to sustain life.