What is the best treatment for hydronephrosis?

Written by Pan Wu Shan
Nephrology
Updated on May 19, 2025
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The most common cause of hydronephrosis is due to kidney stones or ureteral stones blocking the urethra, leading to poor drainage of urine from the kidneys. Generally, if hydronephrosis occurs, the first step is to check the renal ultrasound and, if necessary, undergo cystography to determine the cause of the hydronephrosis.

If it is confirmed to be stones, it is important to check the size of the stones. If the stone is smaller than five millimeters, you can drink more water, exceeding 3000 milliliters per day. This can help flush the stones out through the urine by being more active and jumping around.

If the stone is relatively large, it may require extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopic stone removal. Generally, for hydronephrosis, it is still recommended to drink plenty of water and eat a light diet, avoiding spicy and irritating foods.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Can people with hydronephrosis drink water?

Whether patients with hydronephrosis can drink water depends on whether the hydronephrosis has been resolved. Hydronephrosis occurs due to a blockage in the urinary system, often caused by inflammation, scarring, or adhesions of the ureters, or by obstructions such as stones or tumors in the urinary tract, or possibly by an enlarged prostate, leading to the inability of the bladder to properly expel urine. In summary, when the urine produced by the kidneys cannot be properly expelled from the body, it leads to the expansion of the renal pelvis and calyces, known as hydronephrosis. Drinking water at this time can certainly aggravate the condition of hydronephrosis if the body is already struggling to expel fluids. Therefore, if this blockage remains unresolved, patients should limit their intake of fluids. However, if the obstruction is cleared and the urinary tract is smooth, allowing urine to be expelled normally, drinking water is permissible.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Is hydronephrosis with hematuria serious?

Whether hematuria in patients with hydronephrosis is serious cannot actually be determined by the amount of blood in the urine. It is important to identify the cause and assess kidney function, because hydronephrosis can lead to serious consequences, mainly kidney failure. If the hydronephrosis persists for a long time, it can compress the renal cortex and cause kidney shrinkage, leading to chronic kidney failure. The dangers of hematuria mainly include: first, it may cause significant bleeding, leading to anemia. Second, this type of hematuria could be caused by certain conditions, such as bleeding caused by a tumor in the urinary system, which is quite serious. Whereas bleeding caused by urinary tract infections or urinary system stones, in terms of the nature of the cause, is not considered very serious. However, significant bleeding can also lead to severe anemia and even shock, which would be more serious.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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What is hydronephrosis?

The so-called hydronephrosis is a morphological description, referring to an obstruction in the urinary system caused by various reasons. After the kidneys produce urine, it cannot be normally delivered to the bladder. This leads to fluid accumulation in the renal pelvis and calyces, which can be detected through imaging as hydronephrosis. The causes of hydronephrosis are numerous. The most common cause is acquired obstruction, primarily due to urinary system stones, scarring from injuries, or tumors in the urinary system compressing the ureter, which often results in urinary tract obstruction. In addition, some congenital causes can also lead to urinary tract obstruction. Examples include segmental dysfunction of the ureter, intrinsic stenosis of the ureter, and twisting of the ureter. However, these congenital obstruction causes are relatively rare.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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What should I do about hydronephrosis?

Hydronephrosis is merely a consequence of urinary system diseases, indicating that the urine produced by the kidneys cannot be normally transported through the ureter to the bladder due to narrowing, adhesion, scarring, or obstruction somewhere. This causes the urine to accumulate in the renal pelvis and calyces. Therefore, the treatment of this disease requires identifying the cause, and then selecting a surgical treatment plan based on the situation. For instance, urinary system stones can cause hydronephrosis, and patients might need extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or open surgery for stone removal. Tumors in the urinary system can lead to hydronephrosis, and prostate hyperplasia can also cause similar symptoms, necessitating open surgery to resolve the obstruction. Some patients have congenital abnormalities, adhesions, or scars in the ureter, which might require surgical corrections of the ureter.

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Urology
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What foods can be eaten with hydronephrosis?

Patients with hydronephrosis should pay attention to a light diet, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, avoid spicy and stimulating foods, and consume less high-salt foods, while also abstaining from alcohol. Besides controlling their diet, patients with hydronephrosis should also actively search for the underlying causes of the condition. Common causes of hydronephrosis in clinical practice include urinary tract stones or prostate hyperplasia, mainly due to obstructions in the ureter or urethra, preventing the urine produced by the kidneys from being excreted, which then leads to hydronephrosis. Once the cause of the urinary obstruction is identified, it is necessary to actively treat the underlying cause to restore the patency of the urinary tract. After the condition improves, it is also important to drink more water and urinate frequently to maintain health.