The difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

Written by Chen Ya

Geriatrics

Updated on September 02, 2024

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Arteriosclerosis is a common and important type among a group of vascular diseases known as arteriosclerosis. The common characteristics of various arterioscleroses include thickening and hardening of arterial walls, loss of elasticity, and narrowing of the lumen. Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis characterized by lesions starting from the arterial intima, subsequently involving the accumulation of lipids and complex carbohydrates, bleeding, thrombosis, proliferation of fibrous tissues, and deposition of calcium, along with gradual degeneration and calcification of the arterial media. Since the lipids accumulated in the arterial intima appear yellowish and mushy, it is termed atherosclerosis.

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Written by Zeng Wei Jie

Cardiology

59sec

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Arteriosclerosis is divided into several stages.

Arterial atherosclerosis sequentially manifests as three major types: lipid spots and stripes, atheromatous and fibrous atheromatous plaques, and complex lesions. According to the process of its occurrence and development, it can be subdivided into six types. The first type is lipid spots, which are small yellow spots on the arterial intima that gradually develop into the second type, lipid stripes, where some yellow stripes appear on the arterial intima. Then there is the third type, pre-lesional plaque, where more lipid droplets appear extracellularly. The fourth type is the atheromatous plaque, where lipids accumulate excessively and form lipid pools, and the intimal structure will be damaged. The fifth type is the fibrous atheromatous plaque, which is the most characteristic lesion of arterial atherosclerosis. The sixth type is a complex lesion, representing a severe condition.

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Written by Zeng Wei Jie

Cardiology

59sec

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Risk factors for arteriosclerosis

The etiology of atherosclerosis is not yet fully understood, but the main risk factors include age and gender. The older the age, the higher the probability of occurrence, and the probability in men is higher than in women. Abnormal blood lipids, with the main treatment target being low-density lipoprotein, hypertension, smoking, glucose tolerance abnormalities, and obesity are all possible risk factors. Additionally, we cannot ignore family history; if there is a history of early-onset coronary heart disease in the family, then this risk factor is also very high. Moreover, personality is related, with Type A personalities being more prone to atherosclerosis. Dietary habits are also related; patients who often eat high-calorie, high-animal-fat, high-cholesterol foods are prone to develop the condition. There are also patients taking oral contraceptives, who are likely to develop atherosclerosis.

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Written by Li Hai Wen

Cardiology

47sec

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Can people with arteriosclerosis drink alcohol?

Arteriosclerosis is a very common disease in daily life. After being diagnosed with arteriosclerosis, many patients often feel worried or anxious, and frequently ask their doctor if they can drink alcohol. The answer is yes, patients with arteriosclerosis can drink a moderate amount of alcohol, but should not drink excessively. As the saying goes, good liquor, when consumed properly, can be beneficial to health. Drinking in moderation can have certain health benefits. In addition, while drinking in moderation, it is also important to maintain good living habits, exercise regularly, quit smoking, and control weight to prevent the occurrence and progression of arteriosclerosis. (This should be done under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Li Hai Wen

Cardiology

38sec

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Arteriosclerosis is a disease

Arteriosclerosis is a disease characterized by thickening of the arterial wall and narrowing of the arterial lumen due to plaque formation, leading to various problems. As for whether arteriosclerosis can be prevented and treated, the answer is definitely yes. This can be achieved by maintaining good lifestyle habits. Regular exercise, quitting smoking, and controlling blood pressure and blood sugar with medications under a doctor’s guidance, as well as appropriate use of statin medications, can effectively prevent and treat the onset, progression, and worsening of arteriosclerosis.

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Written by Tang Li

Cardiology

3min 21sec

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Causes of arteriosclerosis

The etiology of arteriosclerosis has not been fully determined, and studies indicate that arteriosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, caused by multiple factors acting at different stages, which are referred to as risk factors. The primary risk factors include the following: First, age and gender. Clinically, it is more common in middle-aged and elderly people over forty years old. After the age of forty-nine, the progression is fast, but early arteriosclerotic changes have also been found in autopsy of some young adults and even children. In recent years, clinical onset age tends to be younger. Compared to men, the incidence rate in women is lower, because estrogen has a protective effect against arteriosclerosis. Therefore, the incidence rate in women increases rapidly after menopause. Age and gender are unchangeable risk factors. Second, abnormal lipid levels, with abnormal lipid metabolism being the most important risk factor for arteriosclerosis. Third, hypertension, as the incidence of arteriosclerosis in patients with hypertension is significantly higher. Sixty to seventy percent of patients with coronary arteriosclerosis have hypertension, and patients with hypertension are three to four times more likely to have arteriosclerosis compared to those with normal blood pressure. Fourth, smoking, as the incidence and mortality rate of coronary arteriosclerosis in smokers are two to six times higher than in non-smokers, and it correlates positively with the number of cigarettes smoked daily. Secondhand smoke is also a risk factor. Fifth, diabetes and glucose intolerance, where not only is the incidence of arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients several times higher than in non-diabetics, but the progression of the disease is also rapid. Sixth, obesity, defined as being more than twenty percent over the standard weight or a BMI greater than twenty-four. Obesity is also a risk factor for arteriosclerosis. Seventh, family history, where a family history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia significantly increases the incidence of coronary heart disease. Various theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of coronary arteriosclerosis from different perspectives. These include the lipid infiltration theory, thrombosis theory, and smooth muscle cell clonal theory. In recent years, the endothelial damage response theory has gained more support, suggesting that the disease results from various risk factors ultimately damaging the arterial intima, and the formation of arteriosclerosis lesions is an inflammatory, fibro-proliferative response of the arteries to endothelial damage.