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Zeng Hai Jiang
Pediatrics
About me
Deputy Chief Physician, working in the Pediatrics Department of Ganzhou City People's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in nephrotic syndrome in children.
Voices
Early symptoms and manifestations of umbilical hernia
Umbilical hernia is a common umbilical disease, characterized by the hernial sac protruding through the umbilical ring. This condition has a higher incidence rate in infants. As infants grow older, most cases can be resolved, but a few children may require surgical intervention. Early signs of umbilical hernia include a soft bulge and protrusion at the navel. The protrusion at the umbilical area may increase when the infant cries, coughs, defecates, or struggles due to increased abdominal pressure, and it can decrease or disappear when the infant is calm and asleep. However, if the child experiences severe abdominal pain or vomiting, this could be an indication of incarcerated umbilical hernia, and it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.
How to determine if phenylketonuria is mild
Phenylketonuria severity is generally determined by clinical manifestations and blood phenylalanine concentration. Mild phenylketonuria is characterized by mild or asymptomatic intelligence, motor, and developmental delays, light hair and skin color, and a musty odor in urine and sweat. It includes clinical features such as seizures accompanied by abnormal mental and behavioral symptoms, with blood phenylalanine levels less than 120 to 360 micromoles per liter. This is primarily seen in a very small number of newborns or premature infants, or in cases where there is higher residual activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme.
Can a routine blood test detect whooping cough?
Whooping cough is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis infection, commonly seen in children. The main symptoms are paroxysmal spasmodic coughing and a crowing inspiratory whoop. The disease has a long course and may be complicated by pneumonia, neurological diseases, and others. The diagnosis of the disease mainly relies on the cultivation of Bordetella pertussis, detection of Bordetella pertussis DNA, and testing for pertussis toxin antibodies. In this disease, the routine blood test will also show a significant increase in the white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, and white blood cell differential.
Should the umbilical hernia belt be worn for 24 hours?
Umbilical hernia refers to the protrusion formed by the contents of the abdominal cavity through the umbilical ring, commonly seen in infants and young children. When the affected child cries, coughs, or struggles, the increase in abdominal pressure can easily lead to an umbilical hernia. The purpose of an umbilical hernia belt is to apply a certain amount of pressure around the navel area to prevent the occurrence of an umbilical hernia. In principle, the umbilical hernia belt should be worn 24 hours a day, except during special times such as bathing. When using the umbilical hernia belt, it is also important to adjust the appropriate tightness to avoid being too tight, which affects the child's comfort, or too loose, which fails to compress the hernial ring effectively. Additionally, attention must be paid to avoiding the incarceration of the hernia contents.
Will there be shadows in the lungs after recovery from whooping cough?
Whooping cough is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis infection, commonly seen in children, with children under five years old being the most susceptible. The main clinical symptoms include paroxysmal spasmodic coughing and a crowing, inspiratory whoop, with the cough being more pronounced at night. The symptoms of whooping cough are severe, but the physical signs are mild. During lung auscultation, no dry or moist rales can generally be heard, and imaging examinations are also normal. However, whooping cough may be complicated by bronchopneumonia, bronchiectasis, and other complications, in which case lung X-rays may show shadows, but these shadows will disappear after recovery from the treatment.
Can phenylketonuria be breastfed?
Once a child with phenylketonuria is diagnosed, natural diets should be ceased and a low-phenylalanine diet treatment should be initiated. Treatment with a low-phenylalanine formula should continue at least until the age of 12. Breast milk is the ideal natural food for infants; therefore, although breastfeeding should be temporarily halted after diagnosis, it should not be completely stopped so that it can be promptly reintroduced once blood phenylalanine levels are controlled. When blood phenylalanine levels are controlled to an ideal concentration, gradually reintroduce small amounts of natural diet, preferably starting with breast milk, as it contains only one-third the phenylalanine content of cow's milk.
Is there no belly button after umbilical hernia surgery?
Umbilical hernia refers to a protrusion formed by abdominal cavity contents through the umbilical ring, commonly seen in infants and young children. Most umbilical hernias can heal on their own within the first year as the umbilical fascial ring gradually contracts. Therefore, non-surgical treatment is mostly adopted to promote healing. However, if the child is over two years old and the diameter of the umbilical hernia exceeds 1.5 centimeters, surgical treatment is recommended. After umbilical hernia surgery, the belly button is still preserved. The surgery generally involves making a small incision at the lower edge of the navel, freeing the hernial sac, repositioning the hernial contents, and after partially excising the hernial sac at the umbilical ring, suturing is performed.
The difference between rickets and rib flare
Rickets and rib flaring are different; rib flaring can be considered a symptom of rickets. Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D in infants and children, leading to abnormal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, which results in incomplete calcification and softening of the bones, thereby causing skeletal deformities. Rickets can be divided into initial, active, recovery, and sequelae stages. During the active stage of rickets, skeletal deformities such as softened skull, "ping pong" head, square skull, rib flaring, pigeon chest, funnel chest, X-shaped legs, and O-shaped legs are prone to occur.
Rickets and osteoporosis are caused by a lack of what?
Rickets and osteoporosis are both caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium. Rickets is commonly seen in infants and can present with abnormalities in skeletal development such as "ping-pong ball head", signs of wrist and ankle bracelets, square skull, funnel chest, pigeon chest, X-shaped legs, and O-shaped legs. Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease caused by reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. It can be categorized according to its etiology into senile osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, idiopathic osteoporosis, and secondary osteoporosis. Clinically, it can manifest as fatigue, bone pain, and fractures.
Does phenylketonuria definitely cause intellectual disabilities when one grows up?
Phenylketonuria is a common amino acid metabolic disorder that is due to a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the phenylalanine metabolic pathway, leading to metabolic disorder of phenylalanine in the liver. Phenylketonuria is the first genetic metabolic disorder that can be controlled and treated through diet. Once diagnosed, natural diet should be discontinued for the patient, and a low-phenylalanine diet should be administered. If phenylketonuria is diagnosed and treated early, intelligence can be normal. However, if not controlled, it can lead to delayed growth and development, especially in terms of intellectual development.