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Zhang Hui
Neurology
About me
Weifang People's Hospital, Department of Neurology, attending physician, has been engaged in clinical work in the field of neurology for many years, with rich clinical experience in common and prevalent neurological diseases.
Proficient in diseases
Cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, myelitis, etc.
Voices
The difference between cerebral atrophy and cerebellar atrophy.
Whether it is cerebral atrophy or cerebellar atrophy, these are concepts in imaging. They are generally detected through cranial CT or MRI scans, resulting in such diagnoses in imaging reports. Generally, cerebral atrophy mainly refers to the atrophy of the cerebral cortex, which includes areas like the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, and parietal lobe. The cerebral cortex is closely related to cognitive functions, movement, sensation, and emotions of the limbs. Patients with cerebral atrophy typically show a decline in intelligence, slow reactions, and dysfunction of bladder and bowel control, etc. The cerebellum mainly coordinates the body's integrative movements and ensures the fluent execution of limb movements. Therefore, cerebellar atrophy primarily leads to symptoms of ataxia, like finger tremors and unsteady walking.
Is cerebellar atrophy hereditary?
Whether cerebellar atrophy is hereditary depends on the cause of the atrophy. In neurology, there is a disease called spinocerebellar ataxia, which is caused by genetic mutations and results in significant ataxic symptoms. The imaging studies show cerebellar atrophy. This disease can be inherited, so it is important to conduct prenatal counseling to promote eugenics. Cerebellar atrophy caused by other reasons is not hereditary. For example, if the atrophy is due to neurodegenerative disease such as multiple system atrophy, there is no clear genetic tendency. If the atrophy is caused by a cerebellar infarction, it is also not hereditary.
Does encephalitis cause a runny nose?
Encephalitis can potentially cause a runny nose, as it is mainly caused by viral infections. These infections not only invade brain cells, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and even seizures related to the nervous system, but can also affect the respiratory tract. If these viruses accumulate in the respiratory tract, particularly in the nasal mucosa, they will definitely cause symptoms such as a runny nose, cough, expectoration, and sore throat. Therefore, it is evident that patients with encephalitis can exhibit symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. Moreover, some patients initially present with respiratory symptoms, such as a runny nose, before the viruses enter and infect the brain cells. Patients with encephalitis must receive timely treatment, primarily symptomatic treatment to prevent complications, along with antiviral medication for targeted treatment. Most patients have a good prognosis.
How to diagnose occipital neuralgia?
Occipital neuralgia is a very common condition, generally characterized by pain in the back of the head. The nature of the pain is usually dull, but it can radiate to the top of the head. To diagnose occipital neuralgia, the main examination is to see if there are any significant tender points along the course of the greater occipital nerve. If there are obvious tender points, it is likely that occipital neuralgia is a possibility. Additionally, there are some underlying causes of occipital neuralgia, such as cervical spondylosis, osteoarthritis, or inflammation of muscles in the head and neck area, and even some tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to perform comprehensive auxiliary examinations to rule out these related diseases, including MRI of the cervical spine and X-rays. Treatment is relatively simple and may include the administration of nerve-nourishing medications and pain relievers. (The use of medications should be under the guidance of a doctor.)
incidence of myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis is a disease of the neurology department. Its incidence rate is around one in one hundred thousand. The prevalence rate is around fifty per one hundred thousand. In China, the incidence rate in the south is slightly higher than in the north. This is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system. Generally, it is due to the production of some abnormal antibodies. These antibodies cause dysfunction in synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction, leading to corresponding clinical manifestations in patients. For example, extreme fatigue after physical activity that can only be alleviated by rest. Patients may also exhibit clinical symptoms such as ptosis, diplopia, and difficulty swallowing, and in severe cases, even respiratory muscle weakness may occur, requiring the use of a ventilator. This disease can occur at any age, affecting children as well as elderly men aged 70 to 80. Therefore, correct understanding of this disease and timely treatment are very important.
Is Parkinson's disease hereditary?
Parkinson's disease is mainly divided into two types. One type is familial Parkinson's disease, which definitely has a clear genetic predisposition. This disease is caused by mutations in some genes that lead to disruptions in some internal environments and the accumulation of abnormal proteins, eventually causing the death of neurons. Since the disease is caused by genetic mutations, there is definitely a certain genetic predisposition, and reproductive counseling is necessary to prevent the birth of offspring with Parkinson's disease. Moreover, most cases of Parkinson's disease are sporadic, and these diseases may be related to acquired factors, such as long-term mental stress, excessive pressure, brain trauma, or cerebrovascular diseases in patients, which can all lead to Parkinson's disease. This type of disease is definitely not inherited, so there is no need to worry too much.
symptoms of dementia in the elderly
The symptoms of dementia mainly include: First, impaired memory function, where the patient’s memory loss is very noticeable. Initially, they may not remember recent events, and as the disease progresses, they may not remember past events, such as forgetting how many children they have or their children’s names. Second, it mainly involves symptoms of impairment in other cognitive areas, such as visual spatial dysfunction, manifesting as not being able to find the bathroom at home, getting lost after going out, and not being able to find the way back home. Additionally, the patient's ability to understand, calculate, and judge will also be significantly impaired, and they cannot master previously learned knowledge and skills. Third, in the late stages, some psychiatric symptoms appear, including visual and auditory hallucinations, and agitated behaviors such as hitting and cursing. Additionally, the patient may also experience some physical weakness, muscle atrophy, and incontinence.
How many days for brain embolism infusion?
Cerebral embolism is a particularly dangerous disease that is very concentrated. It primarily refers to the entry of abnormal substances into the arteries, leading to the occlusion of the cerebral arteries and causing corresponding clinical manifestations in patients. Symptoms may include disturbances in consciousness, coma, limb paralysis, numbness, slurred speech, and even possibly seizures. The most common cause of cerebral embolism is atrial fibrillation. Treatment generally requires hospitalization for intravenous infusion. If the condition is relatively stable, an infusion lasting about 10 to 14 days may suffice, followed by administration of anticoagulant drugs for treatment. If the area affected by the cerebral embolism is very large and the patient is in severe danger, infusion treatment may need to last about 3 to 4 weeks. The specific approach should be based on the patient's condition. Additionally, certain medications to reduce dehydration and intracranial pressure, as well as neuroprotective drugs, should be administered. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor.)
How is Parkinson's disease cured?
The treatment of Parkinson's disease involves various aspects, and the principle of its treatment is not to aim for complete effectiveness but for prolonged and sustainable management. It is important not to be tempted by temporary symptom improvement and miss out on a sequential treatment that could last for many years. The treatment of Parkinson’s disease mainly includes the following aspects: The first aspect is the care of daily life, which is very important. It is necessary to install some very convenient facilities at home for the patient, such as installing some handles, using some higher chairs, etc., all of which help to improve the quality of life for the patient. The second aspect is pharmacotherapy. According to the patient's condition, appropriate anti-Parkinson's medication is selected, mainly including dopamine receptor agonists, COMT inhibitors, and some levodopa preparations. Adjusting medication is very complex and must be conducted under the guidance of a professional neurologist. In addition, attention should also be paid to the treatment of non-motor symptoms, such as treating the patient's constipation, depression, etc.
What are the symptoms of migraines?
The main symptoms of migraines include the patient experiencing photophobia and phonophobia, meaning a sensitivity to light and sound respectively. These stimuli can significantly worsen the headache. Patients often prefer to rest or sleep in a quiet environment. The second major symptom is a pronounced pulsating headache on one side, where the patient can feel a palpable throbbing of the blood vessels. Additionally, patients may also experience significant nausea and vomiting. Some migraine sufferers may have visual disturbances, such as seeing flashes of light or observing moving water-like visuals. At times, migraine patients may also experience episodes of vertigo, referred to as cluster migraines. Therefore, it is evident that migraine symptoms are quite common and need to be recognized and treated accordingly.