Subscribe
283
Zhang Hui
Neurology
About me
Weifang People's Hospital, Department of Neurology, attending physician, has been engaged in clinical work in the field of neurology for many years, with rich clinical experience in common and prevalent neurological diseases.
Proficient in diseases
Cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, myelitis, etc.
Voices
How to suppress migraine and vomiting?
Patients with migraines typically experience unilateral or bilateral pulsating headaches. During severe headache episodes, they often experience significant symptoms of nausea and vomiting. This is because migraines can disrupt autonomic nervous function, and some neural nuclei in the brainstem emit impulses that cause nausea and vomiting. The treatment for vomiting includes the following aspects: First, patients should rest and avoid consuming foods that are hard to digest or are very tough. Second, patients can take orally or receive muscle injections of medications that treat vomiting, primarily those that promote gastrointestinal motility. Third, treating the migraine itself involves providing the patient with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief. Once the headache is alleviated, the nausea and vomiting will naturally subside.
What causes migraines?
Migraine is a very common type of headache, particularly among young people. The specific causes and mechanisms of migraine are not very clear at present. The main reasons are attributed to the following: First, vascular dysregulation, where abnormalities in the contraction and dilation of brain blood vessels can disrupt the regulation of blood supply to the brain, leading to headache attacks. Second, abnormal neuron discharges, where some people experience unusual discharges in the neurons of the cerebral cortex, causing migraines. Third, some experts believe that issues with the trigeminal ganglion can cause migraines. Additionally, migraines are closely related to excessive tension, anxiety, depression, poor sleep, and poor physical condition. Therefore, migraine sufferers should pay attention to rest, ensure good sleep, maintain a stable mood, and avoid excessive stress.
How to relieve migraine and vomiting
Many migraine patients also experience symptoms of vomiting, which is one of the most common accompanying symptoms of migraine. If vomiting occurs with a migraine, the following methods are recommended for relief: First, allow the patient to rest quietly, avoiding strong lights and loud sounds, which can exacerbate headaches and vomiting. Second, quickly terminate the headache attack, administer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief, and, if necessary, provide the patient with triptan preparations to quickly stop the headache. Third, sometimes the use of sedative-hypnotic drugs can also help reduce the symptoms of headaches and vomiting. Fourth, treat symptomatically; patients can be given muscle injections or oral antiemetic drugs for corresponding treatment, and most patients' symptoms of vomiting can be quickly alleviated.
What tests need to be done for optic neuritis?
Optic neuritis is usually caused by demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, and generally requires the following examinations to be completed. First, it is necessary to complete an MRI scan of the optic nerve to assess if there is any abnormal swelling or abnormal signals in the optic nerve. Second, these patients also need to undergo brain MRI and spinal cord MRI scans, as optic neuritis patients may experience demyelination of brain white matter and the spinal cord. Third, it is important to complete examinations of serum and cerebrospinal fluid for aquaporin-4 antibodies. If this antibody is positive, it is of significant reference value for the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica. Additionally, visual evoked potentials and examinations like OCT of the fundus are also necessary.
How to treat anxiety and insomnia?
The patient is experiencing anxiety and insomnia, and the following treatment methods are recommended. Firstly, it is crucial for the patient to pay attention to psychological adjustment, maintain a pleasant mood, keep a good mindset, and communicate more with others, which can achieve very good effects. Secondly, it is essential to develop one's hobbies, engage in more outdoor sports, which can divert one's attention, significantly reduce anxiety, and also improve insomnia. Thirdly, long-term anxiety and insomnia can have adverse effects on the body. It is possible to take benzodiazepine drugs, which help with sleep and can also counteract anxiety, and should be taken under a doctor's advice. Finally, if the patient's anxiety is very pronounced, it is necessary to see a psychologist for treatment and take some anti-anxiety medication.
What tests are done for Parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. Many patients report that numerous examinations did not identify a clear cause of the disease, which is typical of this condition due to the lack of very effective diagnostic methods. Patients' symptoms gradually worsen, manifesting as motor slowness, limb tremors, muscle rigidity, and other clinical signs. There are also symptoms such as constipation and dizziness. Generally, the following examinations are recommended for Parkinson's disease: First, complete a cranial MRI scan. The primary purpose of a cranial MRI is to exclude other causes of Parkinson's-like symptoms, such as cerebral thrombosis, brain tumors, or inflammation. Second, perform olfactory tests, as some patients may experience a significant reduction in their sense of smell early on. Third, conduct induced sleep monitoring, since some patients may have prominent sleep disorders. Additionally, it is suggested to perform striatal dopaminergic transporter imaging, a type of DAT scan. Although this scan is quite expensive, it can clearly reflect the function of the striatum.
Myasthenia gravis belongs to which department?
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system, primarily affecting the neuromuscular junction where synaptic function is significantly impaired. This disease falls under the purview of neurology, and most neurologists are quite familiar with myasthenia gravis, considering it a common and frequently occurring neurological condition. Patients with myasthenia gravis typically exhibit symptoms such as drooping eyelids, double vision, and general fatigue. They experience a pathological tiredness, feeling extremely exhausted after minor activities, although rest can alleviate symptoms. These symptoms are also commonly associated with the nervous system, so it is appropriate to consult the neurology department. Treatment for patients with myasthenia gravis may involve administering immunoglobulins or corticosteroids, depending on the situation, while also taking precautions to prevent potential complications.
Causes of Parkinson's Disease
The cause of Parkinson's disease is mainly due to a part of the brain called the brainstem, which has some black moles and clusters containing a large number of neurons that can produce dopamine. The death of these neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, caused by various factors, leads to Parkinson's disease. This results in noticeable slowness of movement in the limbs, muscle rigidity, as well as tremors, and unstable walking and other clinical manifestations. The causes of the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra include genetic factors. Additionally, age is the biggest cause of the disease. Furthermore, dysfunctions in mitochondrial function, ischemia and hypoxia in the midbrain, certain traumas, and the use of drugs that deplete dopamine can all potentially cause Parkinson's disease.
What is a good medicine to take for myasthenia gravis?
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system. Patients need to take medication for a long time, otherwise, antibodies to acetylcholine receptors might continue to be produced, further worsening the clinical manifestations. The medications taken by patients with myasthenia gravis mainly include the following types, the first being cholinesterase inhibitors. These drugs can inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine by cholinesterase, thereby improving the transmission function between nerve and muscle junctions, and improving the clinical symptoms of patients. It is best to take these medications before meals for better absorption. The second type of medication mainly includes corticosteroids. They can suppress the body's immune response and reduce the production of antibodies, which is very helpful for the recovery from the disease. Long-term usage and gradual dosage reduction are necessary. Additionally, some immunosuppressants need to be taken. Taking these immunosuppressants also aims to suppress the immune response. However, it is essential to be aware of their adverse effects, such as suppression of bone marrow function, and damage to liver and kidney functions.
Differentiation between purulent meningitis and viral meningitis
Purulent meningitis and viral meningitis are different diseases. Purulent meningitis is caused by bacterial infection of the meninges. Viral meningitis is caused by viral invasion of the meninges. Generally, purulent meningitis is more severe, and patients may exhibit symptoms of systemic toxin poisoning, such as high fever, nausea, vomiting, sickly appearance, and general weakness. The symptoms of viral meningitis are relatively mild, and the fever is not particularly severe. Another important differentiation is based on the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. In viral meningitis, the lumbar puncture shows that the white blood cell count is below 1000*10^6/L, and the levels of sugar and chloride are generally normal or slightly low, with protein usually mildly elevated. In purulent meningitis, the cerebrospinal fluid shows a significant increase in white blood cell count, even reaching from 1000*10^6/L to 10000*10^6/L; the protein content is significantly increased, the sugar content is markedly decreased, and chloride levels are reduced. Additionally, bacteria can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures in purulent meningitis, whereas viral meningitis cerebrospinal fluid cultures do not show bacteria.