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Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
About me
With 9 years of clinical experience, currently working as an attending physician in the Department of Infectious Diseases at Ji'an Central People's Hospital. Also a member of the Ji'an Liver Disease Society.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of various infectious diseases such as HIV, HBV with HBsAg positive, HBV with HBeAg positive, rabies, pulmonary tuberculosis, lymph node tuberculosis, fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and HCV.
Voices
rabies incubation period
The incubation period for rabies is one to three months, and it is rare for it to exceed one year. The length of the incubation period for rabies varies, the shortest being about five days and the longest can reach up to eight years, with an average incubation period of one to three months. Cases exceeding one year account for about 2%-3%. The length of the incubation period for rabies is closely related to several factors including the virulence of the virus, and the nerve distribution at the site of entry. The more viruses there are, the stronger their virulence, and the richer the nerve supply at the entry site, especially closer to the central nervous system, the shorter the incubation period.
Characteristics of AIDS skin symptoms
People with HIV are relatively prone to some skin symptoms. During the acute phase, they tend to develop rashes that are scattered across the body without significant itching, and often accompanied by fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes throughout the body. In the late stages of the disease, the skin of HIV-infected individuals is prone to other fungal infections, such as Manifi Penicillium, common psoriasis, and infections like jock itch and ringworm, which must be considered based on the actual circumstances.
Can AIDS be transmitted in just one exposure?
Regarding AIDS, it is generally difficult to contract, unless through transfusion. If blood containing the HIV virus is transfused, then the risk in one occurrence is about 90%-100%. Other methods, such as vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, needle stick injuries, and mother-to-child transmission, have a relatively low probability of infection per occurrence. The risk of typical vaginal intercourse is below 0.1% per occurrence, whereas the risk of anal intercourse is slightly higher, around 1%-3%. AIDS is mainly transmitted sexually.
What are the symptoms of AIDS?
Actually, the symptoms of AIDS are not very typical. When it progresses to the AIDS stage, which is the late stage of the disease, symptoms such as unexplained persistent fever, weight loss, cough, chest tightness, diarrhea, phlegm, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, rash, and others may appear. Some patients may also develop many white powdery deposits on the oral mucosa, and some may experience pain when swallowing. Different opportunistic infections have different symptoms.
incubation period of viral hepatitis
The incubation periods for different types of viral hepatitis vary. Generally, the incubation period for Hepatitis A is about one to two weeks, with the majority occurring within two weeks. The incubation period for Hepatitis E is similar, mostly within two weeks, and many within one week. However, many Hepatitis B infections do not show obvious clinical symptoms, and can even remain asymptomatic for decades. Hepatitis C infections often also do not display clear clinical symptoms after infection. Years after infection, cirrhosis may develop, but there are no obvious clinical symptoms during this period.
What are the symptoms of rabies?
The symptoms of rabies can include fever, general discomfort, muscle soreness, fatigue, and headaches, which are typical preclinical symptoms. Subsequently, numbness, pain, and itching at the site of the bite may occur. This is followed by a series of related neurological symptoms, such as hydrophobia and aerophobia, where even the sight or mention of water can trigger involuntary spasms in the throat muscles and difficulty swallowing. There is also extreme sensitivity and fear of bright lights and noises, agitation, eventually leading to coma and death.
How long does rabies usually take to manifest?
Rabies generally has a variable incubation period. The question actually refers to the incubation period of rabies. The duration of this period can vary widely; the shortest is about five days before onset of the disease, while the longest can reach up to eight years. The average incubation period is two to three months, with cases exceeding one year accounting for 2%-3% of instances. The length of the incubation period is related to factors such as the virulence of the virus, and the nerve distribution at the site of entry. The greater the amount of the virus, the stronger its virulence, and the richer the nerve supply at the site of entry, especially if it is closer to the central nervous system, the shorter the incubation period will be.
Does AIDS affect menstruation?
AIDS is primarily caused by infection with the HIV virus, which then leads to a deficiency in human immune function, destroying the body's CD4 T lymphocyte system. When immune function is severely deficient, it can lead to menstrual disorders and general malnutrition. AIDS can cause immune imbalance and lead to menstrual irregularities, so it is possible for AIDS to affect menstruation. Treatment should be tailored to the specific circumstances, including systematic and standardized anti-HIV treatment and adjustments to one's condition.
AIDS transmission routes
According to the epidemiological survey on AIDS, the most common route of transmission is through sexual contact. Sexual transmission accounts for 90% of all routes of transmission, with the majority of female HIV infections being transmitted from males to females. Currently, 70%-80% of male HIV infections are contracted through homosexual activities. Apart from sexual transmission, infection can also occur through needlestick injuries, tattooing, intravenous drug use, eyebrow tattooing, ear piercing, and similar activities. Pregnant women with AIDS who do not undergo standard prevention may transmit the virus to their babies through mother-to-child transmission.
How is AIDS treated?
For the treatment of AIDS, antiretroviral therapy is required. It is important to diagnose and treat early, and patients should consistently adhere to treatment over the long term. Most patients can achieve relatively good results. If the virus levels remain undetectable over the long term, the immune system can recover to a normal state, and opportunistic infections will either not occur or previously occurred ones will gradually disappear. Standard antiretroviral therapy is critical, primarily involving a cocktail therapy that usually combines three different types of antiretroviral drugs.