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Xu Jun Hui
General Surgery
About me
PhD graduate from the School of Medicine, Wuhan University, main physician, with many years of experience working in a top-tier hospital's general surgery department.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer, cholelithiasis, portal hypertension, breast hyperplasia, breast cancer, thyroid adenoma, gastrointestinal tumors.
Voices
How to get a tetanus shot if you are not allergic
Tetanus allergy refers to the body not being allergic to tetanus antitoxin, which can be directly diluted with saline and then administered intramuscularly into the buttocks or upper arm. Alternatively, tetanus immunoglobulin, which does not require a skin test, can also be administered intramuscularly. The purpose of the tetanus shot is to prevent infection by the tetanus bacillus, an anaerobic bacterium. In deep wounds in an anaerobic environment, or in heavily contaminated wounds with dirt or rust, there is a high risk of colonization by tetanus bacilli in the human body, requiring tetanus vaccination treatment.
Does a tetanus shot hurt?
The tetanus shot causes slight pain. The injection site is in the muscle of the buttocks, where the pain is mild and tolerable. The purpose of the tetanus shot is to prevent infection by the tetanus bacillus, which tends to thrive in anaerobic conditions and in heavily contaminated wounds, such as those with soil and rust. Therefore, patients with deep wounds contaminated with soil or rust must receive anti-tetanus treatment. Additionally, it is important to promptly treat and dress wounds to prevent infection by the tetanus bacillus and to prevent wound infection. The pain from the tetanus shot is minor.
Which part of the body is the tetanus shot administered?
Tetanus shots are administered in the buttocks or the muscular part of the upper arm, typically given as a muscle injection. Tetanus shots must not be administered intravenously. Before administering a tetanus shot, a skin test is conducted. If the skin test is positive, it is necessary to switch to a tetanus immune globulin that does not require a skin test; if the skin test is negative, a muscle injection can be performed. Tetanus is caused by the colonization of Clostridium tetani in the human body, producing neurotoxins, leading to a specific type of infection. Therefore, if the wound is deep and heavily contaminated, it is essential to promptly treat with a tetanus shot.
Methods for examining intestinal obstruction
The simplest test for intestinal obstruction is an upright abdominal X-ray, which can diagnose intestinal obstruction if dilated bowel loops and fluid levels are seen. Diagnosis can also be based on the patient's history and physical signs, such as nausea, vomiting, cessation of passing gas or stool, etc. Currently, abdominal CT can also diagnose intestinal obstruction, with the simplest method being the upright abdominal X-ray. Different types of intestinal obstruction require different treatments. For obstructions caused by tumors or volvulus, prompt surgical treatment is necessary. For general intestinal obstructions, such as those caused by adhesions or intestinal dysmotility, the preferred treatment includes fasting, hydration, anti-inflammatory medications, and other supportive measures. For elderly patients with obstipation-induced obstruction, enema treatment can be initiated first.
Which department should I go to at the hospital for a tetanus shot?
Tetanus shots should be administered at a regular hospital in the emergency department. There are two types of tetanus injections: one that requires a skin test, called tetanus toxoid, and one that doesn't require a skin test, called tetanus immunoglobulin. It is generally recommended to get the tetanus shot within 24 hours of injury, and it is best to avoid alcohol before the injection. Drinking can cause dilation and reddening of the skin's capillaries, which can affect the results of the tetanus skin test. Tetanus is usually caused by the invasion of Clostridium tetani into the body, a type of anaerobic bacterium. Thus, for wounds that are small, deep, and heavily contaminated, such as with dirt, rust, or in cases of open fractures, anti-tetanus treatment is essential, and a tetanus shot can be administered in the hospital's emergency department.
Is the tetanus shot safe?
It is safe to receive tetanus treatment at an accredited hospital. There are two types of tetanus injections: the tetanus toxoid, which requires a skin test, and the tetanus immunoglobulin, which does not require a skin test. Alcohol consumption must be avoided before using the tetanus toxoid. If the skin test is negative, the injection is safe. The other type, tetanus immunoglobulin, can be used directly without a skin test. Tetanus injections from reputable manufacturers and hospitals are safe. However, some people may experience symptoms such as pain, nausea, and vomiting during the tetanus injection. Typically, these symptoms can be alleviated and disappear with symptomatic treatment after the injection.
When does tetanus occur?
Tetanus is an infection caused by the invasion of the body by Clostridium tetani. Clostridium tetani is an anaerobic bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen, which is likely to cause tetanus in conditions such as anaerobic environments, deep wounds, or heavily contaminated wounds. Therefore, in cases where wounds are relatively small yet deep, and are considered to be in an anaerobic environment, or are contaminated with rust or soil, or in situations such as open fractures, blast injuries, gunshot wounds, and animal bites, tetanus injection treatment is necessary. It is generally recommended to administer the injection within 24 hours, and a skin test should be conducted before the injection, with alcohol consumption prohibited.
What is tetanus?
Tetanus infection occurs when Clostridium tetani invades the human body through skin and mucosal membranes, producing certain neurotoxins that lead to symptoms. As Clostridium tetani is an anaerobic bacterium, it typically thrives in anaerobic environments and is often found in heavily contaminated, muddy, or rusty conditions. Therefore, if there is an infection in a wound that is deep, located in an oxygen-poor environment, or heavily contaminated with dirt or rust, or in cases of extensive open fractures, explosion injuries, etc., anti-tetanus treatment is essential. It is generally recommended to administer an injection within 24 hours of the injury, which includes tetanus toxoid that requires a skin test—this is not to be used by patients with allergies—and tetanus immunoglobulin, which does not require a skin test.
When to get a tetanus shot?
Tetanus is caused by the invasion of the body by tetanus bacillus, a type of anaerobic bacterium that generally thrives in anoxic environments or heavily contaminated wounds such as those exposed to polluted soil or rust. Therefore, if the wound is deep, is in an anoxic environment, or is severely contaminated with soil, rust, or is an open fracture with expanded area, explosive injury, gunshot wound, or animal bite, tetanus treatment is required. Tetanus injections include tetanus toxoid, which requires a skin test, and tetanus immunoglobulin, which does not require a skin test, with an injection generally recommended within 24 hours.
Which part of the body is the tetanus shot administered?
Tetanus injections are given as intramuscular injections in the upper arm or the buttock. Tetanus vaccines include tetanus antitoxin, which requires a skin test. Patients with a positive skin test must either undergo desensitization therapy or avoid using it, and can switch to tetanus immunoglobulin, which doesn't require a skin test but is more expensive than tetanus antitoxin. The purpose of the tetanus shot is to prevent infection by Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic bacterium. It is particularly important for patients with deep wounds or heavily contaminated wounds; or wounds contaminated with rust or soil to receive tetanus treatment to prevent Clostridium tetani from colonizing the body through wound mucosa and producing neurotoxins that affect breathing.