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Pang Ji Cheng
Psychiatry and Psychology
About me
Engaged in mental health work for nearly 10 years, and have undergone further training at the Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center. Honored with the title of Skillful Mental Health Worker in Shandong Province.
Proficient in diseases
Schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, depression, postpartum depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondria, bipolar disorder, mania, postpartum psychosis, phobia.
Voices
How to manage mild depression
Mild depression is primarily treated clinically through self-adjustment, psychotherapy, or physical therapy. Self-adjustment often involves exercise, which can stimulate the brain to release endorphins, playing an anti-depressive role. Additionally, exercise is an effective relaxation training that can divert attention and stimulate feelings of control and pleasure. Furthermore, psychotherapy is also used in clinical settings, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, which is crucial in helping patients identify thoughts, correct irrational cognitive patterns, and rebuild their cognitive systems. Effective training in social and other activities is also necessary to enhance social or occupational functioning. In terms of physical therapy, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is the main treatment method.
What are the signs of mild depression?
Signs of mild depression may also include a gloomy mood, an inability to feel joy, a sorrowful facial expression, and often downturned corners of the mouth. The head may be tilted forward with a downward gaze, and there might be fewer changes in posture. Patients may experience sleep disturbances, commonly having trouble falling asleep, waking repeatedly at night, and still being in the sleep process when waking up in the morning. Appetite reduction may not be very noticeable. Mood variations occur during the day, often with a worse mood in the evening compared to the morning. There is no significant slowing down of movement, but the emotional state of the patient is often poor. Some patients may experience symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, such as dizziness, headaches, and bodily discomfort, which are indicative of mild depression.
Is depression hereditary?
Depression has a certain hereditary tendency. Studies involving large samples have found that if first-degree relatives of patients with depression have the disorder, the incidence of the disease in their offspring is significantly higher than in the general population. Additionally, studies on twins have shown that the concordance rate of depression in monozygotic twins is significantly higher than in dizygotic twins. Research in genetic studies has revealed that depression is a polygenic disorder. Therefore, it is possible for offspring of parents with depression not to inherit the disease. The onset of depression is often influenced by genetic factors, biochemical factors, and various social and psychological factors. Thus, the genetic probability of developing depression is generally higher than in the general population.
What medication is used for depression?
The medications commonly used for depression in clinical settings are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, primarily used to increase serotonin levels in the patient's brain to improve depressive symptoms. Representative drugs in clinical use include paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, and escitalopram. There are also medications that inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. Additionally, there's a type of antidepressant that acts on norepinephrine and is specifically serotonergic, with mirtazapine being the main drug. These medications are considered modern antidepressants and have a relatively significant clinical efficacy. Of course, there are also traditional tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants, which are not recommended as first-line treatments in clinical settings due to their more adverse reactions. (Please follow a doctor's guidance regarding the use of specific medications.)
Can mild depression cause dizziness?
Patients with mild depression may also experience symptoms of dizziness. These patients often come to see a doctor primarily for physical symptoms, manifesting discomforts such as dizziness, headaches, nausea, palpitations, chest tightness, heart palpitations, vomiting, sweating, and difficulty breathing, among other related symptoms. These are also symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, which are relatively common. Thus, the emotional and cognitive symptoms in these patients are often mild, while the physical symptoms are comparatively severe. Particularly, disturbances in sleep, fatigue, and diminished appetite are amongst the more prominently severe symptoms. When patients seek medical help, they often present with the aforementioned symptoms as their main complaints, and if not carefully questioned, misdiagnosis can easily occur. Therefore, for physical symptoms of depression, it is important to observe carefully as the physical manifestations are closely related to emotional changes. Attention should be given to observe and administer antidepressant therapy, which can achieve good therapeutic effects.
Treatment of Depression
The treatment of depression in clinical settings primarily utilizes pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and physical therapy. Pharmacotherapy, as the first-line treatment for depression, mainly relies on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, venlafaxine, and duloxetine. Adequate dosages and treatment duration with a systematic approach are essential when using pharmacotherapy. Secondly, psychotherapy. The main psychotherapeutic approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, and interpersonal therapy, which aim to improve the patient's irrational cognitions and rebuild their cognitive framework. Thirdly, physical therapy. In clinical practice, physical therapy mainly encompasses electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation, both of which can yield significant therapeutic outcomes. (Specific medications should be used under the guidance of a physician.)
What are the symptoms of depression?
The clinical manifestations of depression include core symptoms primarily characterized by low mood, reduced interest, and lack of emotion. Patients often display an inability to feel joy, experiencing a persistent sadness and a noticeable decrease in interest and pleasure in activities they previously enjoyed. The psychological symptoms are dominated by anxiety, slowed thinking, and cognitive symptoms, with patients exhibiting irritability, tension, worry, and often slow thought association, dull thinking, impaired short-term memory, reduced attention, and significantly diminished learning, comprehension, and judgment abilities. The physical symptoms include sleep disturbances, eating disorders, and loss of energy, with common issues like difficulty falling asleep, light sleep, early waking, poor appetite, weight loss, feeling listless, fatigue, and an overwhelming sense of exhaustion in their daily lives.
What is the depressive mood of depression like?
Patients with depression primarily exhibit symptoms of low mood. They often experience persistent sadness and pessimism. Patients might find it difficult to feel happy, appear gloomy, and are unable to experience joy, particularly in activities that they used to find interesting. In severe cases, they might feel hopeless, in despair, and have thoughts of death, leading to an overwhelming sense that each day is unbearably long. Furthermore, patients might feel that life isn't worth living and that their existence has no meaning, which can lead to thoughts or actions of suicide or self-harm. In this emotional state, their self-evaluation is also typically low; they might feel utterly worthless, viewing themselves as a burden on their family and a parasite in society. Thus, feelings of worthlessness, helplessness, despair, and self-blame are significantly more pronounced.
How to alleviate mild depression?
Mild depression can be managed clinically through self-adjustment and psychotherapy. Self-adjustment includes exercise, shifting focus, or verbal expression. Exercise is a very effective and quick way to alleviate depression by stimulating the brain to release endorphins, which have anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects. Additionally, diverting attention to activities of particular interest can enhance pleasure and motivate improvements. Furthermore, expressing one's depressive feelings through speech can also alleviate symptoms of mild depression. Moreover, psychotherapy mainly involves cognitive-behavioral therapy, which aims to continuously improve or correct irrational cognitive patterns and rebuild the cognitive system to effectively treat depression. This is a common approach in treating depression; medication adjustments, such as the use of new antidepressants, are also viable options. (Please follow professional medical advice before using any medication and do not self-medicate.)
How is depression treated?
Depression treatment in clinical settings includes self-adjustment, psychotherapy, medication, and physical therapy. Patients with mild depression can base their treatment on self-adjustment, which includes exercising, distracting attention, talking to others, etc. Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, is recommended as the first choice of treatment. It helps patients identify automatic thoughts and reconstruct the cognitive irrationality system among other methods. Furthermore, patients with moderate to severe depression are primarily treated with medication, particularly with serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine, sertraline, and fluoxetine, which are commonly used in clinical settings. Additionally, physical therapy mainly involves non-convulsive electroshock and transcranial magnetic stimulation as major treatment methods. (Specific medications should be used under the guidance of a physician.)