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Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
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Phenylketonuria has what symptoms?
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is the most common congenital amino acid metabolism disorder. Its main clinical characteristics include intellectual disability, light skin and hair pigmentation, and a mousy urine odor. This name arises from the excretion of large amounts of phenylketonic acid metabolites in children's urine, which leads to the characteristic odor. Typically, affected children appear normal at birth, but symptoms usually begin to appear between three to six months of age, with most significant symptoms evident by one year. The most prominent issue is delayed intellectual development, with intelligence quotients often falling below normal. Skin pigmentation usually becomes lighter several months after birth due to insufficient melanin synthesis, resulting in hair turning from black to yellow and a paler skin complexion. Additionally, a distinct mousy body odor is produced due to the excretion of excessive phenylacetic acid in urine and sweat.
Can phenylketonuria be cured?
Phenylketonuria is one of the few treatable genetic metabolic diseases. It strives for early diagnosis and treatment to avoid irreversible damage to the nervous system. Once diagnosed, aggressive treatment should be given. The younger the age at which treatment starts, the better the effect. The main approach is to use a low-phenylalanine formula milk. When the blood concentration drops to a normal level, natural diet can gradually be added in small amounts, with breast milk being the preferred choice, as it contains only one-third the phenylalanine of cow's milk. Larger infants can add cow's milk, porridge, noodles, eggs, etc. The added foods should also follow the principle of being low in protein and low in phenylalanine, because concentrations of phenylalanine that are too high or too low will affect growth and development. Low-phenylalanine treatment should continue at least until after puberty. Lifelong treatment is more beneficial for patients. This disease can only control symptoms, and lifelong treatment is the best; it cannot be completely cured.
How many days does a baby usually have a cold and high fever?
If a baby has a cold and a high fever, it's generally hard to say how many days it will last. If infected by a virus or bacteria, the virulence and the body's immune function are both factors. If the viral strength is weak and the body's resistance is strong, with the appropriate use of medications, the fever can typically be controlled within one to three days. However, if the infection is due to stronger viruses or bacteria, such as the influenza virus, the common fever duration is around five to seven days, or even longer. So, for a common cold, the fever may last about three days, while influenza may last four to five days or even longer.
What to do with sudden rash in toddlers?
Roseola in infants is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by human herpesvirus type 6 or type 7. During the acute phase, this disease often presents with a sudden high fever, with temperatures reaching up to 39°C (102.2°F), and even exceeding 40°C (104°F). The fever usually lasts for 3-5 days. During this time, it is important to monitor the baby's temperature closely. If a high fever occurs, timely antipyretic treatment should be administered to prevent potential high fever convulsions. Attention should also be given to the baby's mental response; if the baby appears lethargic and the fever persists, symptomatic treatment should be provided promptly. It is also crucial to be vigilant for any potential complications. Most children with roseola will develop a rash after 3-5 days of fever, which lasts about two days. If there are no complications, they can generally recover. Therefore, there is no need to be overly anxious if a child contracts roseola, as it is a self-limiting disease that typically resolves within 5-7 days.
How many days does hand, foot and mouth disease have a fever?
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is caused by an intestinal virus infection and is characterized by acute fever and vesicles or papules on the hands, feet, mouth, buttocks, and other areas. There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses that cause this disease, with the most common being Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16. In typical cases, the fever may last about two to three days, but there are also cases with mild symptoms where no fever appears, or only a low fever occurs, lasting one to two days. In severe cases, the fever may last longer, from three to five days or even more. Therefore, it can only be said that in most cases, the fever in typical cases may last about two to three days.
Is it normal for a child with diarrhea to just sleep?
Infant diarrhea accompanied by excessive sleep is often abnormal. Generally speaking, diarrhea can lead to dehydration or electrolyte imbalance. In this case, the primary focus should be on rehydration to maintain electrolyte balance, adjusting the gut flora, and using some antidiarrheal medications for additional treatment.If the baby is only sleeping, it often indicates dehydration or symptoms of electrolyte imbalance. Under these circumstances, it is crucial to go to a hospital to check for any imbalance in electrolytes, acidosis, etc., and provide timely symptomatic treatment.
What's causing a child's diarrhea and vomiting?
When a child has diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, we first consider the symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. In this situation, we need to analyze the cause. The most common cause is often rotavirus infection. Rotavirus is a self-limiting disease, and treatment is primarily symptomatic, focusing on fluid replenishment to maintain electrolyte balance. It is also important to pay attention to the baby's mental state, responsiveness, and urination. Additionally, we need to be cautious of vomiting and diarrhea caused by intestinal bacterial infections, such as food poisoning, which can present similar symptoms. If a bacterial infection is suspected, we must promptly administer sensitive antibiotics for the infection treatment, while also focusing on symptomatic treatments such as fluid and electrolyte replenishment.
What should a baby eat when they have a cold?
Firstly, the diet should be light, such as offering white rice porridge, mung bean porridge, and red bean porridge, all of which can be consumed. The main point is to consume easily digestible foods. At the same time, you can also eat some fruits, such as apples, bananas, dragon fruit, and watermelon, which are still acceptable to eat. You should avoid spicy, greasy, and irritating foods, as they are not conducive to the recovery of the condition.
What medicine is effective for children's diarrhea?
In cases of childhood diarrhea, it is crucial first to identify the cause. Generally, it is categorized into infectious and non-infectious diarrhea. If it is suspected to be infectious diarrhea, it can be further divided into viral enteritis, bacterial infections of the intestines, and possibly fungal enteritis, among others. Typically, viral enteritis has a self-limiting course and does not require special medication treatments. The primary treatment includes hydration and maintaining electrolyte balance, and possibly using probiotics to regulate the intestinal flora as symptomatic treatment. If bacteria infection causes the enteritis, sensitive antibiotics are required for the infection. For non-infectious diarrhea, specific medications targeting the cause of the condition are used, such as lactase supplements for diarrhea caused by lactose intolerance and providing special formula milk for diarrhea. If the diarrhea is due to allergies, it's essential to avoid the allergens in the diet. Therefore, every case needs to be analyzed based on its specific circumstances. (Medication should be administered under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
Can children with diarrhea eat eggs?
In cases of diarrhea in children, we must pay attention to their diet. Since diarrhea itself is inflammation of the intestines, digestive function is definitely impaired, and the activity of digestive enzymes will also decrease. Under these circumstances, it is essential to provide a bland and easily digestible diet. If the diarrhea persists for a long time, it is best to feed with diarrhea-specific formula. Eggs are relatively difficult to digest, and in cases of diarrhea, they should be avoided as much as possible. Eating eggs can increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, hinder digestion and absorption, and is not conducive to the recovery of the condition. Thus, it is advisable to avoid consuming eggs when experiencing diarrhea.