Subscribe
193
Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
Voices
How to diagnose vitiligo in babies?
Babies diagnosed with vitiligo generally need to be differentiated from the following diseases. The first is anemic nevus, which is a congenital hypopigmentation that often exists at birth. If you rub the skin in the affected area, it does not turn red, while the surrounding normal skin does. Another is achromic nevus, which appears at or shortly after birth, characterized by localized hypopigmentation that often follows the distribution of nerve segments, with blurry boundaries. Additionally, there is tinea versicolor, which tends to occur in hot weather, with hypopigmented patches that have a bran-like or scaly appearance and a positive fungal test. It also needs to be differentiated from pityriasis alba, also known as white pityriasis, which commonly appears on children's faces and has a slightly rough surface. Generally, vitiligo diagnosis still requires further confirmation through tests such as Wood's lamp, dermatoscopy, skin CT, and fungal examinations.
How should a child's cough be treated after a cold?
After catching a cold followed by coughing, this is often due to viral or bacterial infections leading to pharyngitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia that cause coughing. Under this circumstance, the initial treatment is anti-infection. If it is considered a bacterial infection, then sensitive antibiotics should be added either orally or intravenously; if a viral infection is considered, then the primary treatment is symptomatic. For instance, taking some expectorant and cough suppressant medications, including Western or proprietary Chinese medicines. Concurrently, nebulizer inhalation can be administered to achieve expectoration, spasm relief, and cough suppression. Additionally, intravenous cough suppressants, enhancing back patting, and drinking more warm water can help dilute sputum and promote its expulsion among other treatments.
What to do about baby thrush?
Thrush in babies generally indicates that the child has low immune function, or it has been caused by the long-term use of antibiotics, leading to an imbalance of bacteria and the overgrowth of white Candida in the oral mucosa. Thrush is not scary, and we can generally treat it by using 2.5% sodium bicarbonate to clean the mouth, followed by applying nystatin tablets to the oral cavity three times a day. It usually heals in three to five days. However, thrush tends to recur, so it's important to pay attention to oral hygiene.
What should a baby eat if they have indigestion?
If the baby has indigestion, first of all, in terms of diet, provide light and easily digestible foods, such as rice porridge and noodles as complementary foods. If the baby is breastfed, the mother should eat a light diet and avoid greasy and spicy foods. If the baby is fed with cow's milk, try to dilute it a bit to aid in digestion. At the same time, they can eat more vegetables and fruits, which are relatively easy to digest. Some traditional Chinese medicines can also be given for regulation, such as Shenqu, Ji Nei Jin, hawthorn, and malt, all of which aid digestion. Additionally, intestinal probiotics can be added to regulate gastrointestinal function and an appropriate amount of zinc can be supplemented to increase appetite.
How is phenylketonuria cured?
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disease, primarily due to a mutation in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene which leads to reduced enzymatic activity, causing the accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites in the body, thereby leading to this disease. The main manifestations include developmental intellectual disabilities, light skin and hair pigmentation, and a musty urine odor. Once diagnosed, immediate treatment is necessary, mainly using a low-phenylalanine formula milk. Generally, when orally administering low-phenylalanine formula milk, it is essential to monitor the phenylalanine levels in the blood. Since each patient has a different tolerance level for phenylalanine, periodic determination of blood phenylalanine concentration is required in the dietary treatment. Such patients can only be treated long-term in this way; it is not curable nor can it be completely eradicated; treatment can only alleviate the symptoms and involves long-term administration of a low-phenylalanine diet.
Can children with diarrhea eat sugar?
For children with diarrhea, it is best to stick to a light, easily digestible diet. During diarrhea, a child's gastrointestinal function may decline, leading to indigestion or gastrointestinal disorders. In such cases, one must consume foods that are easy to digest, avoiding greasy, spicy, stimulative, and hard-to-digest foods. Meanwhile, sugar should also be largely avoided, as many instances of diarrhea in children are caused by lactose intolerance. Adding sugar under these circumstances can exacerbate the symptoms of diarrhea. Furthermore, some cases of diarrhea in children may lead to temporary lactose intolerance. In such situations, sugar should not be added as well. Thus, when dealing with diarrhea, it is advisable to refrain from consuming sugar.
Can phenylketonuria be cured?
Once phenylketonuria is diagnosed, immediate treatment is necessary; the younger the age at which treatment is started, the better the prognosis. The main approach is to use a low phenylalanine formula milk for treatment. Once the blood phenylalanine concentration has decreased to the desired level, we can gradually begin adding small amounts of natural diet. For small infants, breast milk is preferred since it contains much less phenylalanine than cow's milk. For older infants, additions such as cow's milk, porridge, noodles, and eggs are acceptable, but supplements should still follow the principle of being low in protein and phenylalanine. The amount and frequency of these additions should be determined based on the phenylalanine concentration, as too high or too low levels can affect growth and development. This condition can only be managed by controlling symptoms and maintaining blood phenylalanine levels. Long-term treatment is required; it cannot be cured, only controlled.
Early symptoms of childhood leukemia
Generally speaking, leukemia can manifest symptoms related to a decrease in all three blood cell lines. Changes in these three lines typically include an increase or decrease in white blood cells, a decrease in red blood cells leading to symptoms of anemia, and a reduction in platelets, resulting in symptoms of bleeding. Children with leukemia often experience recurrent fevers and are prone to infections, as well as bleeding gums. There may also be enlargement of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, along with pallor of the face and lips, which appear pale and bloodless.
How many days does the rash usually subside in young children with sudden onset?
How many days does it take for infantile roseola to fade? Typically, infants with roseola may experience a fever for three to five days, followed by the appearance of the rash, which usually lasts about three days. After the rash fully emerges, it will gradually fade away. Therefore, the rash from infantile roseola might appear as red, rose-like rashes, spreading across various parts of the body. It usually starts to subside slowly after 2 to 3 days, leaving no marks or skin scars. Unlike measles, where the skin can feel rough, pitted, or flaky after the rash subsides, the skin surface after recovering from roseola is very smooth, leaving no traces.
Is hand, foot, and mouth disease contagious?
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a contagious disease caused by an infection of enteroviruses. There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses that cause the disease, with Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 being the most common. The main clinical manifestations of this disease include blisters on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks. Some patients may experience fever, while others may have no fever or only a mild fever. The disease is contagious and primarily transmitted through contact. For example, it can be spread through saliva, droplets, hand-to-mouth contact, and contact with the secretions from the blisters, among other methods.