What is the ESR level in ankylosing spondylitis?

Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
Updated on January 16, 2025
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Patients with ankylosing spondylitis, if not well controlled, can exhibit elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR). An ESR higher than 20 mm per hour indicates elevation, suggesting poor disease control. At such times, it is necessary to utilize non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as sustained-release diclofenac sodium tablets. Additionally, medications that control the condition should also be used, like sulfasalazine tablets and thalidomide, among others. While biological agents, commonly tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, offer the best treatment effectiveness, they are also the most expensive. (The use of medications should be conducted under the guidance of a physician.)

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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Can people with ankylosing spondylitis work out?

Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease that cannot be cured. It can only be managed with medication to control the condition, delay the onset of joint deformities, and reduce the rate of disability. Lifestyle changes are also a part of the treatment, including quitting smoking and drinking, and avoiding carbonated beverages as they can exacerbate bone loss. Additionally, regular exercise is important, with swimming being the best option. Swimming not only exercises the limbs and improves muscle coordination but also reduces joint wear and tear, making it the ideal form of exercise. For patients who cannot swim, other forms of exercise such as walking or running are also beneficial for fitness.

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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Does ankylosing spondylitis spread by contagion?

Ankylosing spondylitis is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown cause, primarily affecting the axial joints, mainly involving the sacroiliac joints, and commonly occurring in young and middle-aged males. The symptoms of this disease are severe, progress rapidly, and there is a genetic predisposition, but it is not a contagious disease and does not have infectivity. If a patient with ankylosing spondylitis also contracts another infectious disease, it is because the other disease is infectious, not because ankylosing spondylitis is. It belongs to autoimmune diseases and cannot be cured, but can only be managed with medication to delay the onset of joint deformity.

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Written by Na Hong Wei
Orthopedics
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Symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis

The main symptom of ankylosing spondylitis is pain, characterized by pain in the lower back and lumbar region. The pain occurs during rest and diminishes with activity; it is especially severe at night, often waking the sufferer, who then finds mild activity alleviates the pain enough to return to sleep. As the disease progresses, chest pain and restricted rib cage movement begin, due to the disease spreading to the thoracic vertebrae and eventually reaching the cervical vertebrae in later stages, resulting in difficulty moving the neck. Early physical signs include tenderness in the sacroiliac joints and paraspinal muscles. X-rays can reveal that the sacroiliac joints are often the first to be affected, usually showing sacroiliitis. Additionally, there is a particularly high positivity rate for HLA-B27, the human leukocyte antigen B27, which can reach up to 90%, whereas it is typically around 4%-9% in the general population.

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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Ankylosing Spondylitis Exercise Methods

Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the axial joints and currently has no curative treatment. Its treatment includes general measures, medication, and surgery. General measures mainly involve abstaining from alcohol, quitting smoking, avoiding carbonated drinks and coffee, which can lead to osteoporosis. In addition, it is important to focus on exercise; functional exercises are a crucial part of its treatment. Regular activities such as swimming, walking, and running are recommended, and chest-expanding exercises can improve muscle rigidity. Moreover, it is advisable to sleep on a hard bed to keep the spine level. Swimming is the best form of exercise for patients with ankylosing spondylitis as it does not overload the joints while also enhancing the coordination and flexibility of the limb muscles.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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Is ankylosing spondylitis serious?

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis, if treated actively in the early stages, the condition is not severe. However, if the patient continues to seek irregular and improper medical care, it is possible to develop severe complications such as kyphosis and spinal ankylosis. In severe cases, patients may even self-harm. Therefore, it is advised that patients with ankylosing spondylitis seek treatment early, before the onset of spinal ankylosis. The treatment plan mainly includes non-steroidal analgesics, such as diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets, medications to control the condition, such as sulfasalazine tablets, and biologic treatments. With the above treatments, the condition of ankylosing spondylitis can be controlled. (Medication use should be under the guidance of a doctor.)